第17 单元重点知识辅导
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罗玉南


1．control的用法
control [k+n'tr+ull] vt．＆ n．控制，调节。例如：
①The drunk man could hardly control his car.那个醉汉几乎抑制不住自己的车。
②At last the car was out of control and knocked at the wall.
最后小汽车失控撞到墙上。
③Can you control yourself when you get very angry with your children?
当你对孩子十分气愤时，你能控制住自己吗？
④The firefighters couldn't control the fire before the house was burnt down.
消防队员控制不住大火，房子被烧毁了。
2．majority
1)majority 作名词，意为“多数，大半”解。
①The company hold a majority of the stock.该公司拥有半数以上的股份。
②The majority will go to him. 多数人会投他的票。
③He was elected by a majority of 120 against 70.
他以120票对70票的多数当雪
2)当用作主语时，要注意主谓一致的问题。一般由of后的名词决定
①The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
②The majority of the people love peace.大多数人爱好和平。
③The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次损害大部分容易补救。
【注】当把多数看作一个整体与少数人相对比时，用单数动词。
Who says the majority is always able to impose its will on the minority?
谁说大多数人总是能将其意志强加在少数人身上呢？
3)majority 还可表示“成年，法定年龄”。
He will reach his majority next month.下月他将达到法定的成年年龄。
3．see的用法
1)see 作动词，表示“看见，看到”或“见面，会见”。
①Do you see that ship on the horizon?
你看见地平线上的那艘船了吗？
②I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过马路。
③I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他在过马路。
④The prisoner was seen to take the money.
有人看见这个犯人偷了钱。
⑤I don't see much of you these days.这几天我不常见到你。
2)see to sth. 表示“照管，注意，留心等。”
①A specialist has been charged to see to this business.
一个专家已被派来负责此事。
②I must see to getting the dinner ready.
我必须负责把晚餐准备好。
3)see (to it) that 意为“一定要注意做……”。
①I'll see (to it)that your order is carried out at once.
我会注意的，确保您的命令能够立即执行。
②See (to it) that they learn their lesson well.
请注意让他们学好功课(监督他们)。
③I will see that he pays you.我保证一定让他把钱付给你。
4)I see. 的意思是“我明白了”，是在听明白别人说的话时说的。 you see的意思是“你明白，你知道，你瞧”，是在请对方弄清道理过程中说的。
①“We're going to have a table tennis match tomorrow.”“I see.”
“明天我们要进行一场乒乓球赛。”“我明白。”
③You see,I didn't even understand your explanation.
你看，我连你的解释都听不懂。
4．travel,trip,tour,journey,voyage与outing的用法区别
1)travel 通常泛指“旅行”，词义广泛，可以指长期、短期的，不论何种目的，不论使用何种交通工具的旅行，尤指长途的海外旅行。在表示抽象意义的“旅行”时也要使用travel。travels用来表示“包括访问几个地方的一次长时间的旅行、国外旅行”，也用来表示“旅行笔记”。
①He is traveling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行。
②He is fond of travel. 他喜欢旅行。
③Travel is valuable because it gives us a knowledge of foreign peoples.
旅行很有价值，因为它使我们了解外国各民族的情况。
④He has just returned from his travels.他旅行刚回来。
⑤ He wrote a book about his travels. 他写了本游记。
2)trip通常指短期的短程的旅行，尤指暂时到外地办理业务上的事情。
①Mother took me downtown on a shopping trip.母亲带我进城到商店逛了逛。
②We had a trip to the coast last Saturday.上周六我们到海边旅行去了。
③He went on a business trip yesterday.昨天他出差了。
3)tour的意思是“周游、巡视”，常带有根据一定的路线，事先预定了一些逗留地点，最后仍回到出发地。
①He is planning a tour of the world. 他计划周游世界。
②He visited the countries on good-will tours.他对一些国家进行了友好访问。
4)journey 表示“旅行，旅程”，适用范围广，多指陆上旅行。不用于指距离很短的旅行。
①He is away on a journey. 他出门旅行去了。
②It's a long journey from here to the city.从这儿到那个城市路途遥远。
③Wish you a good journey.祝你一路平安。
5)voyage多指“乘船作海上旅行”。
①we had a good voyage. 我作了一次美妙的航行。
②He made a voyage to America. 他航行去美国。
6)outing表示“出游，户外活动”。
①We went on an outing yesterday. 昨天我们去远足。
②They went to go on an outing to seaside. 他们想到海滨玩玩。
5．recognize的用法
recognize['rek+gnaiz] vt. 认出；辨认；承认；意识到。例如：
①Can you recognize his voice over the phone.你能在电话里听出他的声音来吗？
③He recognized me at once when we met yesterday.
当我们昨天见面时，他立刻便认出我来了。
③They don't recognize him as their student.他们不承认他是他们的学生。
④They all recognize that Taiwan belongs to China.他们都承认台湾属于中国。
⑤I didn't recognized that he was right until he explained it again.
直到他再解释后，我才意识到他是对的。
重要词组短语
1．carry out意为“从事；进行”。例如：
①We have carried out our chemical experiment successfully.
我们成功地进行了化学实验。
②They were carrying out an experiment in the lab when I got there.
当我到达那儿时，他们正在实验室做实验。
③In that country,the people were not willing to carry out the instructions of the authorities. 在那个国家，人们不愿意执行当局的命令。
④We'd better carry out more tests on animals at first.
我们最好先在动物身上多做些实验。
2．instead与instead of的用法区别
1)instead为副词，表示“顶替，作为替代”，其字面意思常不译出，而是采用其他灵活方式。多用于句末，也可用于句首。
①I had expected him to say“No”,but he said“Yes”instead.
我原以为他不会同意，没想到他居然同意了。
②If Harry is not well enough to go with you,take me instead.
如果Harry不舒服不能跟你去，带我去吧。
②He never studies,instead,he plays tennis all day.
他从不学习，而是整天打网球。
2)instead of是个短语介词，表示“代替，顶替，而不是……”。
①Instead of the dictinary we wanted,he brought us the wrong one.
我们想要的那本字典他没有带来，却带来了一本我们不要的。
③As he was ill,I went to the meeting instead of him.
因为他病了，我替他去开会。
③You should encourage them instead of throwing cold water on them.
你应当鼓励他们而不该向他们泼冷水。
④You must make up your mind instead of our making our minds for you.
你应该自己下决心而不是我们替你下决心。
④We'll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.
我们将在花园里喝茶，不在屋里。
3．out of work意为“失业”。out of意为“在…之外”，“向…外”；其反义词为into或in。例如：
①The little boy ran out of the room.
那个小男孩跑出了房间。
②He took my books out of my schoolbag.
他把我的书从我书包里拿出来。
③Don't run into the room. 不要往房间里跑。
④Can you put your raincoat in your pocket?
你的口袋能放下雨衣吗？
⑤They are out of work now. 他们现在失业了。
【注意】常见的“out of+名词”构成的短语很多。例如：
out of job 失业out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制out of order 乱套了，出毛病了
out of practice 荒疏了out of patience 不耐烦了
out of repair 无法修了 Out of sight,
out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
4．talk of,talk about与talk on的用法区别
talk后的介词不同，表示“谈及”的程度也不同。of只表示“涉及”；about表示谈到细节；on兼有议论。
①They talked of the film The Wasted Time.
他们谈到了电影《蹉跎岁月》。
(谈到此电影或仅涉及片名)
②They are talking about the film. 他们在谈论这部电影。
(指涉及故事情节，具体内容)
③They are talking on the film. 他们在谈论这部电影。
(不仅涉及内容、情节，还作出了些评论)
5．play a…part in 起…作用
①Diet plays an important part in the treatment.
饮食在治疗中起重要作用。
②He played an important part in the matter.
他在这件事上起了重要作用。
play a part还可解释为“扮演…角色”。如：
①He played the part of Hamlet.他扮演哈姆雷特这个角色。
②What part did he play? 他扮演什么角色？
part of是“…的一部分”之意，part前如无形容词修饰，通常不加限定词。如：
①Here we are all part of one big family.
在这儿我们是整个大家庭的一部分。
②Parts of the book are interesting. 这本书有些部分很有趣。
part of后可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词。跟复数的可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；跟不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
①Part of his books are gone. 他的一部分书籍已丢失。
②The greater part of what you heard is not true.
你所听到的大部分都是不确实的。
6．as well as的用法
as well as意为“除…外”、“同”、“和”、“并”、“也”，与not only相似，在句子中，它强调的是其前面的内容，请体会下列句子的含义。
①He gave me money as well as advice.
他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
②We shall travel by night as well as by day.
我们将日夜赶路。
③He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
他不但有一辆摩托车，而且有一辆汽车。
④She's clever as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且聪明。
as well as与动词连用时，该动词应变成动名词形式。如：
①She's got a cleaning job at night,as well as working during the day.
她不但白天工作，晚上还当清洁工。
②As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.
他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
③She sings as well as playing the violin.
她不但会拉小提琴，而且会唱歌。
④The young man speaks French as well as speaking English.
这年轻人不但会讲英语，而且会讲法语。
【注】as well as后接动名词短语，意为“不但…而且…”，若后接从句，则是比较级，两者不可混淆，请看下列例句：
①She sings as well as she plays.她弹得好，唱得也好。
②He speaks French as well as(he speaks)English.
他英语和法语讲得一样好。
as well用于句末的时候，意思与also和too相近，其中as well和too通常用于句末。解释为“也”。如：
①She is not only good at maths,she is good at English as well.
她不但数学好，英语也好。
②He can not only drive motorbike,he can drive bus as well.
他不但会开摩托车，还会开汽车。
③He was in Paris last winter,too.去年冬天他也在巴黎。
④Mary's sister teaches English,too.玛丽的姐姐也教英语。
too除了放在句末外，也可以紧接在主语之后，这样比较正式。
①I,too,know how to work out the maths problem.
我也知道怎样解这个数学难题。
②Sally,too,plays the piano.莎莉也会弹钢琴。
常用句型结构
1．But some people don't want good farmland to be built on.
1)本句实际意义为：
Some people don't want us to build the factory on good agricultural land.
有些人不想让我们把工厂盖在良田上。
2)to be built on是动词不定式的被动式，在句中作宾语land的补足语，当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的承受者时，该不定式常用被动式。如：
①I wanted the letter(to be)typed at once.
我要把这封信马上打好(不是自己打)。
②He didn't expect the book to be so well received.
他没想到这本书会这样受欢迎。
本句话由于结构和意义上的需要，在to be built后还必得有介词on,因为意义上是on good agricultural land而不是built good agricultural land.
类似例句如：
①He didn't like his plan to be laughed at.他不喜欢自己的计划受到嘲笑。(laugh at his plan)
②I'd like the talk to be listened to.
我想(让大伙)听一下这个报告。(listen to the talk)
③I don't want the new pen to be written with.
我不想让这支新钢笔(被人)用来写字。
(to write with the new pen)
2．与speak有关的一些独立结构
1)副词+speaking在句子中常充当独立成分，用逗号隔开。
①Broadly speaking,adjectives are words that qualify nouns.
概括地说，形容词是修饰名词的一类词。
②Generally speaking,I think you're right.
一般说来，我认为你是对的。
②I think,personally speaking,it's a good idea.
就个人而言，我认为这是个好主意。
2)“to speak+副词”结构，也可以作句子的独立成分。
①To speak frankly,I don't like the idea at all.
老实说，我一点儿也不赞成这个主意。
②To speak generally,youths of eighteen are too young for such work.
一般说来,18岁的青年干这种工作还太年轻。
3)speaking of+名词，表示“说起来“，作用是把你想要说的话与已说过的话连起来。
①Speaking of time,David is probably waiting for us in the lobby.
说起时间，David说不定正在大厅等我们呢。
②Speaking of money,I need to go to the bank.
说到钱，我得去银行。
4)so to speak意思是“可以说，可谓”，有时含夸张意义。
①I'll take the opportunity to ride about the streets to rub shoulders with the local people,so to speak.
我要借这个机会去街上转转，也可以说是去和当地人交往一下。
②He is a wise fool,so to speak.他可以说是个聪明的傻子。
③When the old man comes home in a temper,he turns the whole house upside down,so to speak.
老人闹着脾气回家时，好像要把整个房子翻过来。
3．表示可能性的方法
1)表示可能，可以用likely。常用结构(1)主语+be+likely+动词不定式；(2)It is+likely+that从句。
①He is likely to accept our help.他可能会接受我们的帮助。
②It is quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.
年底前很可能会作出决定。
2)表示可能还可用possible,probable. 常用于“It is possible/probable that…”结构。
①It is possible that he went there. 他可能去过那里。
②It is probable that he forgot. 很可能他忘记了。
3)情态动词may和might可表示可能性。
①He may come or he may not.他可能来，也可能不来。
②He might come,but it is very unlikely.
他也许会来，但可能性不大。
4)副词Maybe和perhaps可以表示可能性。
①Maybe it is true. 那也许是真的。
②Perhaps I'll see him tomorrow,but I'm not sure.
也许明天我会见他，不过我不能肯定。
4．What do you think is likely to happen?
你认为可能会发生什么事情？
此句中do you think是一个插入句。请注意位于疑问词后的插入句，这种插入句本身前后无逗号，和整个句子连成一体，插入句后的主句主谓用陈述句的语序。如果整个句子为疑问句，则插入句用一般疑问句的语序。在这种句子中如果我们把插入句移到句子前部去，它就会成为主要成分，而原来句子的主要部分会变成一个从句。如：
①How long did she say she would stay here?
她说她要在这里等多久？
②When do you suppose they will be back?
你认为他们会什么时候回来？
③What do you think I should do first?
你认为我应先做什么呢？
④Who do you hope will come here?你希望谁来这里？
⑤Where did he suggest we should spend our holiday?
他建议我们到哪儿度假？
⑥What performance do you think we should give at the party?
你看我们在晚会上应表演什么节目？
⑦How do you suppose I am to answer the letter?
你认为我怎样答复这封信呢？
上述句子，因为是疑问句，故插入句用疑问句的形式。若整个句子不是疑问句，插入句应采用陈述句语序。如：
①That will be a good beginning,I hope.
希望这是一个良好的开端。
②This is all we have left,you see.我们就剩这些了，你瞧。
③The soldier who they supposed was dead came back.
他们曾猜想那个战士已经死了，而他却回来了。
另外有一类插入语，对整个一句话进行解释，它可以由不定式、分词短语、介词短语或从句担任。如：
①To tell you the truth,I don't like the film.
说真的，我不喜欢那部电影。(不定式作插入语)
②Judging from your accent,you must be from Shanghai.
从口音上听你准是上海人。(现在分词作插入语)
③This,in my opinion,is a very important question.
在我看来，这是个很重要的问题。(介词短语作插入语)
④Luckily for him,his stepmother was kind to him.
幸运的是，他继母对他很好。(副词作插入语)
⑤Sure enough,Tom made the same mistake again in his composition.
果然，汤姆在作文中又犯了同样的错误。(形容词短语作插入语)
⑥You are not quite fit for the job,if I may say so.
如果我可以这样说的话，你做这工作并不合适。(从句作插入语)
例句⑥中的插入语类似一个条件状语从句，所不同的是与句子关系不密切，拿掉之后句子照样完整，它不修饰哪一个词，而是对主句所表达的内容作补充说明或表示看法。故有人称之为状语从句。

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