过渡词在书面表达中的运用(人教版高考复习11)
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根据近几年的高考《考试说明》，英语书面表达评分标准第五档（很好）中有这样的表述：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型，并不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，这样即使表达中无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反，尽管有些许错误，但如果目的是在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，也不会扣多少分，仍属最高档次。那么究竟如何运用高级词汇和复杂结构来写出好的文章，从而提高书面表达的档次呢？注意使用过渡词即起、承、转、合的单词和短语。
过渡词是指一个与原句无句法关系的附加部分，在句中往往起缓和词气，表明态度，看法，解释说明整个句子的作用。过渡词的位置较灵活，可置于句首, 句中或句末。
过渡词在句中是一个独立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句与句中起一个逻辑意义一致，句子之间连接承上启下的作用。同时在文章中使用好过渡词还能提高文章的档次分，句子显得逻辑性强，结构紧凑，也是语言功底好的表现。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。
试比较下面例句：
例1.
We must work. We must believe in ourselves.
—We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves.
例2.
I was anxious to leave. I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.
— On one hand, I was anxious to leave, on the other hand
I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.
例3.
1) To tell you the truth, life is beautiful. I have no reason to think otherwise.
2) Personally, I don’t like this painting.
可见过渡词在写作中使用得当，可以给文章增辉添彩，可以使描写更细致如微，说明文层次清楚，条分缕析，证论文说服力更强。反之，则使文章逻辑不清，显得生硬，乏味。
下面从近几年高考作文优秀范文中提取出使用频率最高的过渡词，根据其在文章中的作用，大致可归纳为十二类：
1、顺序过渡词 2、递进过渡词 3、对比过渡词 4、原因与结果过渡词 5、等同过渡词 6、空间过渡词 7、例举过渡词 8、阐述性过渡词 9、口语性过渡词 10、事实性过渡词 11、概括性过渡词 12、描述性过渡词。
1.顺序过渡词
1. First, next, then, finally
2. for one, second, finally
3. to begin with, next, finally
4. in the beginning, at the beginning
5. in the first place, in the second place, in the third place
6. in the end, at last, finally
7. for one thing, for another
8．After that, with that
例句：
1． First of all, don’t come in here without a teacher.
首先，老师不在（办公室）时不能进来。
2． He then filled a cup with some of the petrol, some of the caster oil and some of the vinegar. As the students watched him quietly, he mixed the three together. After that, he held up one of his fingers and showed it to the class.
接着，他在一个杯子里注些汽油，调味油和一些醋。当学生们静静地注视着他的时候，他将这三种液体搅拌在一起。随后，他举起一根手指给全班同学看。
3. First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand. Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible.
首先，在地球两大板块连接处建房子可不是个好主意。第二，如果你认为这儿也许会发生地震，最好是把房子建在岩石上而非沙地上。第三，尽可能把房子建的牢固些。
4. To begin with, it is important to create a positive attitude.
首先，培养积极的态度很重要。
5. English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
英语十分有用的语言。一方面它是联合国的官方语言之一，另一方面在商业科技领域应与运用很广泛。
6. ckf
II. 递进过渡词（强调词类系）
1. besides indeed, moreover, furthermore, even in addition, above all, in addition,
2. what’s more, worse still, to make things worse, what’s worse, even more important, more remarkable still, most important
3. at the same time, not only that,
例句：
1. Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.
任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。
2. They were brave, and what’s more, they hated violence.
他们很勇敢，而且他们厌恶暴力。
3. It got dark, and what was worse, it began to rain.
天黑了，而更糟的是，开始下雨来。
4. I don’t want to go out now, Besides, I’m feeling tired,
我现在不想出去了，而且我还有点疲乏。
5. What’s more, I want to see your pass, too.
除此以外，我还想看你的通行证。
6. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words.
同时，英式英语和美式英语开始互相借鉴词汇，最终只有部分词汇不一样。
7．Furthermore, my aim is to provide the best service possible under these difficult circumstances.
此外，我的目标是在这样艰难的情况下尽可能提供更好的服务。
8． The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self-catering apartments.
旅馆本身可以容纳80位客人，除此之外，还有几个可供自己做饭的套房。
III. 转折、对比过渡词
1. although, though, while, however, yet, nevertheless, but, otherwise,
2. in spite of that, for all that, on the contrary, in contrast,
3. on (the) one hand, on the other hand, instead of,
4. compared to ( with )
例句：
1. However, most of the time, people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
但是，大部分时候，来自这两个国家的人们理解对方是不存在任何困难的。
2. While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.
尽管对肢体语言的解释五花八门，但某些手势似乎是全球通用的。
3. It is probably better, however, if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet.
不过，如果我们把时间、金钱花费在选择健康食品和保持平衡饮食上，可能会更好。
4. Instead of eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不需吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只需尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动。
5. On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life really began.
相反，我感觉我的生活好像从现在起才真正的开始。
6. Franklin, on the other hand, gives the detective as much assistance as he can.
另一方面，弗兰克林尽他所能给警探提供帮助。
7. She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.
她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。
8. In spite of a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss.
公司的销售情况虽然稍有改善，但还在亏本。
9. For all his efforts, he didn’t succeed.
他虽然很努力，但并没有成功。
IV. 原因与结果过渡词
1. so, because, because of, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, for,
2. as a result, in consequence, in turn, on account, for the sake of, owing to, due to, thanks to,
3. to one’s surprise/pleasure/ astonishment/ sorrow/ amazement/joy to our regret.
例句：
1. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
令她吃惊的是，她突然发现自己置身于另一个世界。
2. To his amazement, the bee began to perform a dance on the honeycomb.
让他吃惊的事，蜜蜂开始在蜂巢上表演舞蹈。
3. Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
一些人过于野心勃勃，结果他们通常并不快乐
4. Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, often makes it cheaper. ( SB3, 5)
因此，广告并没有使一件商品变得更贵反而使之更便宜些。
5. In consequence, some students think that learning a foreign language much faster than we do our mother tongue. ( SB3, 8)
结果一些学生认为学一门外语比我们学母语更快些。
6. In my opinion, money isn’t everything.
依我看钱不是一切。
V. 等同过渡词
1. that is, that is to say, ie
2. similarly, in other words, namely, equally, in the same way, in a word,
例句：
1. He will leave for New York next Sunday, that is, March 23rd.
下星期三他将出发去纽约，即3月23日。
2. This kind of phone is cordless, in other words, it has no cords or wires.
这种电话是“无绳的”，换句话说，电话上没有导线。
3. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him.
也就是说，她想要医生听听他说的。
4. That is to say, they sleep during the winter but their sleep is not such a deep one.
也就是说，他们在冬天睡觉，但没睡那么深。
5. In the same way, Americans still use the expression “I guess” ( meaning “ I think” ), just as the British did 300 years ago. ( SB1, 2)
美国人仍然用英国人300年前使用的表达方式。
6．No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
在英语课堂上，不许讲普通话。同样在汉语课上不许讲英语。
7. The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.
这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥
8.
VI. 空间与方位过渡词
at left, at right, behind it, above it, in front of it,
例句：
Welcome to our school! Let me show you around it. This is Jinxiu Building. Behind it, it’s the library, which is the oldest one in our city. This way, please. At left, it’s our art building. Students have music and art classes in it. At right, the great building, you see, can you guess what is it? It’s a gym. It dates from 1990.
VII. 例举过渡词
1. for example, take… for example, for instance, such as…, like, …
2. and so on, as follows
例句：
1． Some nutrients help build our body and make it stronger. Protein, for example, is good for our muscles.
某些营养能构成我们的躯体，强壮我们的体魄。比方说，蛋白质对我们的肌肉很有好处。 ( SB1b, 1)
2． Other nutrients, such as fiber and minerals, help keep our body functioning well. ( SB1b, 1 )
其他的营养，如纤维、矿物质，能保持身体机能运转良好。
3． Like many people with cancer, I had to be treated with radiation followed by treatment with chemicals. ( SB1a, )
像许多的癌症患者一样，我必须接受化疗后进行药物治疗。
4. As follows, the result are Philip Carter 1st, Sam Cohen 2nd, Sandra Postlethwaite 3rd.
结果如下：菲利普•卡特第一名，萨姆•科恩第二名，桑德拉•波斯尔斯韦特第三名。
7. You should buy some essentials, such as pots, pans, dishes and so on.
你应该买些必需品来如锅碗盆等。
8. There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
他的作文里有些常见的错误，如：他错用“he”指代“queen”。
VIII. 阐述性释注性过渡词
1. in my opinion, as far as I know( am concerned ), personally
2. Judging from…
3. in brief, in short
例句：
1．Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
一些人说新加坡是个居住的好地方，另外一些人说它没那么好。简而言之，一些人喜欢新加坡，一些人不喜欢。
2．Judging from his face, he must be ill.　
从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
3. She said she didn’t like it, but personally I thought it was very good.
她说她不喜欢它，但在我看来它是非常好的。
4． As far as I know, they’re coming by car.
据我所知，他们是坐汽车来的。
IX. 口语性过渡词
1.You see, I am afraid, as you can see
2. I think/ hope/ suppose/ wonder/ believe/ guess, I dare say
3. do you know/ don’t you know?, don’t you think?
4. in this way, this way, that way
5. of course, to be sure, sure enough, oddly enough,
例句：
1. This kind of drink, I’m afraid, will do harm to your health.
恐怕，这种饮料对你的健康有害。
2. You will have a good beginning, I hope.
我希望你有一个良好的开始。
3. There young people, I dare say, will succeed.
这些年青人最终会成功，我敢说。
4. (Who is going to speak at the meeting?) Our teacher is, I think.
谁会在会上发言？我们的老师，我认为。
5. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.
你看，他们十分相信自己的触觉。
6. You see, life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles….
大家都知道，人生充满着哭泣，抽泣和微笑。
7. The book is interesting, don’t you think?
这本书有趣，难道你不觉得？
8. He is a living Lei Feng, do you know?
他是一个活雷锋，你知道吗？
9. This way, people who celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of the holidays without all the commercial activities of Christmas.
这样，庆祝宽扎节就可以摆脱圣诞节的商业活动，尽情享受节庆气氛。
10. Some people may disagree, to be sure, but that doesn’t mean I’m wrong.
诚然，有些人可能不同意，但这并不说明我错了。
X. 事实性过渡词
1. in fact, in actual fact, as a matter of fact,
2. actually, actually speaking, obvious
3. to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be frank with you
4. according to, or rather
例句：
1. Personally, I don’t like this painting.
就我个人而言，我不喜欢这幅画。
1.As far as I know, the summer is hot and humid in Nanjing.
就我所知，南京夏天是又热又闷的。
2.Obviously, he can’t tell the difference between adjectives and adverbs.
显然他无法区别形容词和副词。
3.Once I nearly posted it to Germany, but, to tell you the truth, I didn’t want to spend money on a stamp.
我曾经差点把它邮寄到德国，但说实话，我不想花钱买邮票。
4.According to our records, the books you have borrowed should now be returned to the library.
根据我们的记录，你借的书现在该还给图书馆了。
5.Officially he is in charge, but in fact his secretary does all the work.
名义上他在负责，但实际上所有的工作都是他的秘书做的。
6.He came home very late last night, or rather very early this morning.
他昨天夜里很晚才回家，说得更准确点，是今天凌晨才回家。
XI. 概括性过渡词
1. in all, altogether in general
2. after all, above all, on the whole,
3.generally / strictly / frankly / properly /roughly / exactly/ speaking
例句：
1. Generally speaking, women get jobs harder than men, 一般而言，妇女比男人更难得找到工作。
2. Exactly speaking, this room is three times the size of that one.
准确地说，这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
3. Judging from his accent, he must the from Sichuan.
从他的口音判断，他一定是四川人。
4. Strangely enough, I’ve never spoken to him.
真是不可思议我从未与他说过话。
7.It’s not surprising you’ve got stomachache. After all, you’ve eaten too much.
你的胃痛并不令人惊奇，毕竟你吃的实在太多了
8.Strictly speaking, the answer isn’t correct.
从严的说，这个答案不正确。
9.Judging by his manner, he isn’t a soldier.
从他的举止判断，他不是一个士兵。
10.In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain.
总体上说，苏格兰全年较冷且多雨。
XII. 描述性过渡词
1. happily, luckily, unfortunately, fortunately, surprisingly, honestly, interestingly, personally, strangely,
2. obviously, hopefully, basically, frankly, precisely,
例句：
1.Happily for him, his father’s second wife was kind to him, too.
让他高兴的事，她爸爸的第二任妻子对他很好。
2.Fortunately, people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is.
幸运的是，人们开始意识到整个形势有多严重。
3.Hopefully, we’ll be there by dinnertime.
如果顺利的话，我们渴望在晚餐之前赶到那里。
4.Basically，he’s a nice person, but he doesn’t always show it.
他基本上是个好人，但并不经常表现出来。
5．Personally, I don’t think much of the idea.
就我本人而言，我认为这个主意不怎么样。
6．Obviously, we’re going to need more help.
很明显，我们将需要更多的帮助。
一些学生在作文中过多使用简单句，一篇文章下来竟成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如：
学生习作：
Is Money Everything?
I don’t think money is everything. We can’t do without it. Money can’t buy
us happiness and a good education. And money can’t buy us good health and a
long life. We can not live without money. We need it to buy many things. And
we need it to live a better life. We should learn the value of money and make the
most of its advantages.
这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用过渡词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。
修改后的文章：
Is Money Everything?
I don’t think money is everything, but we can’t do without it. Fox example, money can’t buy us happiness and a good education. And for another example, money can’t buy us good health and a
long life.
But we can not live without money. We need it for our daily necessities such as food,
clothes and transportation. What’s more, we need it to live a better life.
In short, we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.
修改后的文章用过渡词来衔接各句：
第一段第一句为：I don’t think money is everything, but we can’t do without it.
第二段第一句为：But we can not live without money.
第三段第一句为：In short, we should learn the value of money…
这篇短文每一段的第一句都是主题句，在每个主题句前使用But, But, In short使全文有序地衔接起来。
如果在文章中再恰当使用其他的过渡词，会使文章增色很多。
为了增强文章的逻辑性，同学们应学会使用过渡性词汇，因为过渡性词汇可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑性、可读性更强。本文提到的过渡性词汇使用场合十分广阔，使用前景十分看好，只要同学们掌握其使用特点，并增强其使用意识，在绝大多数场合都可以有选择性地将其派上用场，从而为增加书面表达得分起到立竿见影的作用。 同学们可通过对近几年春夏季高考书面表达题的清理，学会如何使用过渡性词汇增加文章的连贯性。
高考英语作文范文
最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。
1．不应该收门票
2 公园是公众休闲的地方
3 如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象
1．应收门票，但票价不要太高
2．支付园林工人工资
3．购新花木
注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。
2．词数：100左右。
3．参考词汇：门票---entrance fee
Dear Editor．
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance
fee should be charged for parks．
Dear editor,
　　I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Sixty students out of one hundred think that an entrance fee should not be bought before one enters a park, for it is a place for the public to go to when they are free. If a ticket must be bought, a gate and walls have to be built for a park, which will make a city look ugly. Forty students out of one hundred think that an entrance fee should be bought before one enters a park, but that the price of the ticket should be reasonable. Money that is got from ticket selling can be used to pay the gardening workers and buy different kinds of flowers and trees. As for myself, I really think parks are good places to go to at weekends and on holidays. At the same time, we, as visitors, should pay the entrance fee when we enter a park. After all, it takes a lot of money to maintain a park in good working order. Do you agree with me, dear editor?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Yours truly,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Li Hua
面对当前中学生“出国热”，请你以为题，谈谈中学生出国留学的利与弊。（可以从以下几方面考虑，但不一定要面面俱到：年龄、生活经验、自理能力、生活学习费用、语言学习环境、传播民族文化、学习国外先进科学技术）
Studying Abroad in recent years, studying abroad has been popular. More and more students leave their own country to go abroad for their further education. They say that they can develop better with advanced facilities and teaching methods in those modern schools. By communicating with foreign students or staying a long time with them, a profitable experience is available to them. By the time they come back home, they are supposed to have a great advantage over the students at home in many ways. I quite agree with what they say. But one fact I’d like to remind them of is that quite a number of overseas students stay abroad disappointed as they can’t obtain what they hope for, let alone success. When they are abroad, they are helpless and have to be independent, which is quite contrary to what it is at home. They lack independence; they can’t even tell right and wrong apart, and as a result some of them even commit crimes. Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual. So take more factors into careful consideration.
上海2005高考英语满分作文
June 8th
Dear Haiqing,
I hear you are very unhappy these days because your parents can’t afford to buy you some brand-name shoes and garments you like very much. And I write you this letter to share with you what I think about this matter.
To begin with, beauty is just skin deep. Don’t you think it silly to pay so much attention to your appearance? He is a shallow person who judges others by their appearance; in the same sense, he is a shallow person who thinks that a brand-name garment can add to his glamour. So please, just forget about those brand-name things. What really matters is not whether you wear brand-name shoes or garments but whether your clothes fit you. As a student, you have to wear the school uniform on the weekdays and to be honest, you look very smart in it. Then why do you have to bother to buy the expensive brand-name things?
Secondly, I know your parents are both average workers. Hard as they work, they don’t earn much. Despite this, they do their best to give you a lot of things on demand. Look at the callus on their hands and wrinkles on their faces, how can you have the heart to ask for more than they can afford, which will surely break their hearts? Remember, parents don’t owe us expensive summer camps; they don’t owe us Sony Walkman; nor do they owe us Nike shoes, If you really want those fancy things, you should take a part-time job to contribute to their purchase rather than ask your parents for money to add to their already heavy burden. Don’t you think so?
Thirdly, we have such a wide variety of things available these days which are both nice and inexpensive. What’s the point of paying much more for those brand-name things that are not much better? My friend, take my advice, and you’ll be a wiser consumer as well as a more considerate child to your parents.
Poverty, sometimes, is a good thing. It can test a person’s character and it makes a man out of a boy faster than anything else. Keep working hard, and you are bound to be able to afford those things in the near future. Now you may as well focus on your study. Anyway, wouldn’t it be funny for a would-be achiever to be so preoccupied with brand-name things all day long?
Keep in touch.
Yours
Huangping
［小练习］：
试试看，下面这两篇书面表达又该怎样写才能得高分呢？
一位中学生在自己班级就校服问题进行了调查, 下面是对部分学生调查统计, 请参照该统计写一篇题为 “Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform”的报告.
Groups Opinions Percentage Reasons
A: Like 60% 很帅,颜色很好，表明是学生,整洁，平等,不赶时髦
B: Dislike 30 % 不舒服,颜色不好，不好看,太过时，式样单调
C: No idea 10%
注意:1. 报告必须包括统计中主要内容,可以适当增加细节,使内容连贯.
1. 词数80-100 左右.
生字: 赶时髦 follow the fashion 作调查 make a survey
A Suggested Version:
Report on the Survey about our School Uniform
Recently I did a survey about our school uniform. I interviewed groups of students what they thought about our school uniform. The result is as following.
60% of the students interviewed expressed their satisfaction with it. Wearing the fashionable uniform of a good colour, they can prove themselves students and feel very tidy. The uniform also shows they are equal and there is no need for them to follow the fashion. Most of them considered it to be a symbol for students.
On the contrary, about 30% of the students held different opinions. They thought it had an ugly colour and wore uncomfortably. Besides, they thought it unfashionable and had a dull style.
10% had no idea about it.
In general, our school uniform is popular with most of the students, but it still needs some improvement.
人们总以为淡水是取之不尽的，实际上淡水资源是很有限的。请谈谈你的看法。
A Suggested Version:
It is generally believed that there is a good supply of fresh water. But to our disappointment, the fact is just the opposite.
As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What’s more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it＇s high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth.
With fresh water, the world will be prosperous.
2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（3）英 语
第三节 书面表达（满分30分）
假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出： 反对迁出：
1. 游客多，交通堵塞
2. 郊区环境好 1. 建于1906年，中外闻名
2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：
1. 词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇：郊区—suburb
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor,
Recently, our class has had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.
___________________________________________________________
A Suggested Version:
June 3 ,2005
Dear Editor,
Recently, our class has had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They also say that once moved animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well –known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is .What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals .To move or not ,this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
练习：
I .汉译英
1. 使人们极为高兴的是，这种植物和我们所要找的那种的确是一模一样。
________, the plant did look exactly like what we are looking for.
2. 店员没有把她不回事，更糟糕的是，这酒根本不适合在进餐时饮用。
The assistant did not take her seriously, and _____ , this wine was not at all suitable for drinking.
3.如果她朝狮子冲过去，狮子也许会咬她。更糟的是，狮子甚至可能把婴儿叨走。
If she ran towards it, it might attack her. ____, it could even carry off the baby in its mouth.
4. 我们必须工作，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。
We must work, and ___ we must believe in ourselves.
5. 总之，饥饿是当今世界的一大问题。
_____, hunger is a big problem in the world today.
6. 换句话说，当我们在一起谈话时，我不应当看电视，也不应当越过你的肩膀瞅着别人。
____, I should not watch TV, or look over yours shoulder at other people while we are talking together.
7. 他通过了考试，而且比这更好的是，当他毕业时，他已赚了一笔钱，足够开始经营自己的行业了。
He passed the exams, ____, when he left university he had earned enough money to start his own business.
8. 此外，战争年代过后，技术熟练的石匠所剩无几。
____, there are very few skilled workers that are left after the war years.
9. 设想一下，你找到了一本好的故事书，而且更重要的是，你有时间来欣赏它。
Imagine that you have found a good story and, ___ the time to enjoy it.
10. 我回答这个问题时，尽量设法掩盖我的惊异情绪，你知道，克莱格是我的姑妈的爱犬。
I managed to hide my surprise when I answered, because Klegg, ____, was my aunt’s pet dog.
11. 那么这是不是意味着这笔钱该归我所有了？毕竟是我姑妈唯一活在世上的亲戚。
Does that mean the money will now come to me? ____, I am the only one of my aunt’s relations still alive.
12. 你认为哪一种食物健康？
Which food ____ is healthy?
13. 一般来说，报纸采用美国英语的拼法。
_____, newspapers follow the American way.
14. 就我个人来说，我倒想去科学博物馆。
_____, I’d rather go to the Science Museum.
15. 据我所知，那个博物馆不是收门票的。
_____, The museum is free.
Key:
1. to our great joy. 2. What was worse? 3. Worse still 4. Above all 5. In a word 6. In other words. 7. And even better 8. Besides 9. What is even more important 10. You see 11. After all 12. Do you think 13. generally speaking 14. Personally 15. As far as
II.单项选择
1． Hold the ladder for me, that’s ______.
A. all B. it
C. all right D. complete
2． ---______, but can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
---I’m sorry. I’m a stranger here myself. Perhaps this lady can help you.
A. I’m sorry B. Hello
B. C. Excuse me D. Why
3． ---Would you like a cup of tea?
---Yes, please do. ______, I’m rather thirsty.
A. To tell you the truth
B. Telling you the truth
C. Tell you the truth
D. To be told the truth
4． ---Have you nearly finished?
---______, we have just begun.
A. Above
B. After all
C. On the contrary
D. On the other hand
5． The young woman had studied in England for two years and she will come back ______.
A. by and by
B. B. one by one
C. after a while
D. long before
6． Mr. Li liked as I remembered, ______ he was very thin.
A. except for
B. except that
C. after a while
D. long before
7． Many great men rose from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, ______.
A. like that B. as though
C. for example D. such as
8． ---______ is the best football layer in your city?
---Jerry.
A. Do you think who
B. Do you think whom
C. Who so you think
D. Whom do you think
9． ______, Dick and Mary found themselves on a lonely island.
A. they were surprised
B. it was surprising
C. it was a surprise
D. to their surprise
10． ______ we like the idea ______ not, we’ll have to go with him.
A. Either; or
B. Neither; nor
C. Whether; or
D. If; or
11． ______ is well known, Taiwan is part of China.
A. As B. That
C. Which D. It
12． Good ways of doing things mean less time and pain, and ______, it is necessary for us to find time.
A. otherwise B. however
C. still D. therefore
13． Albert did not take your book. ______, he was not in the room.
A. All of a sudden
B. As a matter of fact
C. Once in a while
D. To his surprise
14． ---What ______ do you want?
---I don’t know myself.
A. in earth B. in the earth
C. on earth D. on the earth
15． Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard, and ______, you failed.
A. in he end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
16． His handwriting is as good as, ______, his brother’s.
A. if not better
B. if not better than
C. if it is better
D. if better than
17． There was a big fire in the building last night. ______, all the people were able to escape.
A. Fortunate
B. Fortunately
C. To be fortunate
D. Above all
18． It was raining heavily. ______, it was getting dark, sp we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.
A. Above all
B. That is
C. What’s more
D. In other words
19． I didn’t go to his party last night. ______, I didn’t want to see him at all.
A. To tell you the truth
B. Telling you the truth
C. That’s to say
D. Let’s say
20． ______, boys are stronger than girls.
A. To speak generally
B. Generally to speak
C. Generally speaking
D. Generally spoken
21． Lily, ______ his parents, like sports and games very much.
A. and B. together
C. as well as D. as well
22． At the moment many things need repairing. ______, we must got the houses repaired.
A. Above all B. After all
C. At all D. Finally
23． You may agree with anyone you like. ______, I agree with Wang Bin.
A. What’s more
B. That all
C. Personally
D. Or rather
24． Who has more money at present, _____?
A. do you think
B. don’t you think
C. OK
D. really
25． She got there late at night, ______, early in the morning.
A. in fact B. or rather
C. in other words D. indeed
26． Only half students passed the exam this time, ______, about 30 students failed in the exam.
A. worse still B. that is
C. indeed D. after all
27． ______ from his appearance, he was really working hard at that time.
A. Judging
B. Judged
C. To judge
D. To be judged
28． All these boys got up very early that morning. ______. When they got to the station, they found no one there.
A. However
B. Certainly
C. As a result
D. You know
29． You have done a very good job, ______.
A. perhaps B. I think
C. by the way D. after all
30． The little boy, ______ I know, has not told it to his t teacher.
A. so far B. which
C. that D. as far as
31． _____, we must do the work with a good plan.
A. To start with
B. To start
C. Starting
D. Starting with
32． The poor girl had no winter clothes on. _____, she had nothing to eat for several days.
A. In other words
B. In all
C. Worse still
D. However
33． What we really want, ______, is your support.
A. above all B. after all
C. in all D. at all
34． We met with a lot of trouble in doing the work. ______, we succeeded in the end.
A. All in all B. Above all
C. Therefore D. After all
35． We’d better do some shopping. ______, your birthday is only two weeks away.
A. Above all
B. B. After all
C. That is
D. Exactly speaking
参考答案及解析
1．B．本题考生极易错选A或C。That’s all.意思是“就这此”，表示讲话或文章的结束，而That’s all right.意思是“行、可以、没关系”。That’s it.为固定搭配，意思是“这正是所需要的。”
2．C．表示“请求别人帮忙”时用Excuse me.
3．A．to tell you the truth 为固定搭配，意思是“说实话”，为插入语，不与句子的主语形成逻辑关系。
4．C．本题上文说“你们差不多快做完了吧？”下文说“恰好相反，我们才刚刚开始。”
5．A．by and by为固定搭配，相当于soon，意思是“不久”。one by one意思是“一个接一个地”。after a while过一会儿。long before很久以前，因此B，C，D都不合题意。
6．B．except that后跟从句，而except for和besides后跟名词或V-ing短语。
7．C．在职四个选项中只有for example可以用作手入语，而且位置也比较灵活。D有较大干扰性。但such as后必须跟宾语。
8．C．本题主要部分为who is the best football player in your city.插入语to you think.
9．D．插入语to one’s surprise的意思是 “令某人吃惊的是“， 其他选取项句子结构有错误。
10．C．whether…or…的意思是“不管……还是”。
11．A．插入语As is well known为定语从句，意思是“众所周知”。
12．D．插入语therefore在此表示前后的因果关系。
13．B．as matter of fact意思是“事实上”。
14．C．插入语on earth的意思是“究竟、到底”， 用于疑问句或否定句中。
15．C．插入语in other words意思是“换句说”，是对前文的解释。
16．B本句话的意思是“即使他的书法不比他哥哥好，起码也跟他的哥哥一样好”。插入语if not better than在句中起到连词的作用。
17．B．fortunately是一句评述性语言，表达说话人的看法。
18.Cwhat’s more 意思是“更有甚者”，在本句中，说话人强调“迷路”的原因是It was raining heavily 和It was getting dark.
19．A．插入语to tell you the truth 意思是“说实话”。
20．C．插入语generally speaking意思是“一般来说”，指常规。
21．C．as well as意思是“以脑”。在本句中谓语动词由Lily来决定。若选A则谓语用复数。
22．A。above all意思是“首先”或“首要的是”， 指突出要做的事情。after all意思是“毕竟、别忘了”。at all意思是“根配合 然”。显然其他答案不合题意。
23．。personally意思是“依我看”。
24．A．本句是询问别人的看法，插入语do you think也可以放在句中，即Who do you think has more money at present?
25．B．or rather意思是“更准确性确地说”。
26．B．that is 即that is to say是对前一句的解释，意思是“那说是”。
27.A. judging from 为固定搭配，其中judge不与后面的主语形成逻辑关系。
28．C．as a result意思“因而”， 前后为因果关系。
29．B．I think 表示说话者的看法。
30．D．as far as 或so far as作插入语，意思是“据……”。
31．A．插to start with为固定搭配，意思是“首先、第一点”。
32．C．worse still意思是“更糟的是”， 是一种递进的表达法。
33．A。above all意思是“首先”，本句的意思是“我们最需要的是你的支持。”
34．A．all in all为插入语，意思是“总的来说”。
35．B．本句话的意思是“我们最好去买点东西，别忘了，你的生日只有两星期了。”After all用于句首表示提醒。
III. 用下列过渡词填空使文章意思完整。
(A_)
Even yet despite although but unfortunately for
Teachers and Society
Teachers are engineers of the human souls. __1__ to many college graduates， teaching is probably the last thing they want to do，_ 2 __ the teaching profession in our country is often associated with low pay and poor housing. In the rural areas， the situation is __3__ worse： many teachers have no moonlight to survive.
__4__, teachers are making enormous contributions to our country. Every year thousands and thousands of well educated graduates enter the labor force and play important roles in various fields. Many of them have become achieving scholars and scientists and have contributed much to the advancement of China’s science and technology and to her modernization programs. Teachers，needless to say， can claim part of the credit.
__5__， we should not be too optimistic about the future of our education， __6 China’s long tradition for putting a high premium on education. By comparison，education receives very little attention and investment from the government，its budget totaling less than three percent of the country’s GNP. __7 _ the last decade has witnessed some progress in improving the educational infrastructure and the teachers living conditions, there is yet world of problems to be solved.
答案与解析：
1.答案〖〗But解析〖〗开篇第一句话打了双引号，显然这是一句对于老师公认的至高无上的评价，但根据空格后面的内容，我们可以推断出学生对于教师这一职业的态度并不像引语中说的那么积极。因此这里我们用一个转折连词but.
2.答案〖〗for解析〖〗社会上既然将老师这一职业大加赞赏，为什么和老师接触最多的学生们不愿意选择这样的未来呢？这是每一位读者都迫切想知道的事情，空格后面的内容就是对这一问题做出的解释。根据空格的位置（for在接表原因的句子时只能放在主句后面）和意思，我们用表原因的for.
3.答案〖〗even解析〖〗人们不想当老师的原因已经很清楚了，这里作者还想进一步介绍老师在物质方面的窘迫，所以谈到了乡村教师，在此要表达一种强调语气更还的意思，我们使用副词even，此处是even与比较级连用表示比……更加比……还要的意思。
4.答案〖〗Yet解析〖〗虽然，尽管如此。大家是否注意到该段第一个词后紧接着就是一个标点符号，我们通过观察发现被标点隔开的空格中需要的不是起关键作用的主语或其它句子中的重要成分，因此它要么是一个呼语，要么就是个修饰全句的副词或连词，如果是呼语或副词，在此文讲不通道理，那么它应该是一个承接上文、引领下文的连词，且该词有强调的语气。最后想为大家补充一点的是，在正式文体中，当yet表示迄今这一意思时，需与现在完成时动词连用，而不能使用一般过去时动词，如：（1）He hasn’t started yet.（正确）（2）He didn’t start yet.（错误）
5.答案〖〗Unfortunately解析〖〗该段第一句话有些长，但在句子的主干部分没有空格出现，因此在我们理解句意时不会有太大偏差。第五个空格应该是一个承上启下的单词，在此它若是一个副词更合理些，这里我们根据句意，使用unfortunately，现在举个例子来体会一下该词的用法：Unfortunately， the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen.不幸得很，这次演出是我们所见过的最乏味的演出。
6.答案〖〗despite解析〖〗本词意思是：尽管，即使。该空格引领的句子是对主句的补充说明，这里主要表达的意思是，尽管中国有着悠久的重视教育的传统，但其前景仍不慎明朗。在这半句中我们再来巩固一个词组，put （offer， place， set）a premium on重视，促进，鼓励。
7.答案〖〗Although解析〖〗为了能够和句子中的yet相呼应，同时兼顾文章的内容，这里我们选用although一词。该词用在主句中，可与副词yet，nevertheless等连用，但不能与but连用，这是一个与我们的汉语相悖的用法，希望大家在使用时特别留心。
(B)
and , but, finally, immediately, now, at first, one day, then, so,
The naughty boy in the story “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” has grown up. _______he works as a weatherman in his village. _________he studied the weather carefully _______found that a storm was coming. ____________, he told all the villagers to prepare for the bad weather, ______ no one believed him. __________, the weather was fine, ________ the villagers said that the young man was lying again. ________the weather suddenly changed ________a storm wind came. All the villagers tried to save the crops _______ it was too late. _________, the storm ruined all the crops.
答案：Now, One day, and, Immediately, but, At first, so, Then, and, but, Finally

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