初高中教材衔接--英语句子成分(译林牛津版高考复习英语选修七学案设计)

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课 题 初高中英语衔接1 :句子的基本成分和结构 课 时 1
课 型 新授课 主备人 钟义铭
教学目标 1
2.
教学重点
教学难点
课前准备
教学日期 教学班级
教 学 过 程 复备
句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
一、 英语的句子成分:
一) 主语:
Walls have ears. ( )
He will take you to the hospital. ( )
Three plus four equals seven. ( )
To see is to believe. ( )
Smoking is not allowed in public places. ( )
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. ( )
二)谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
三)表语 它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的.
My father is a professor. ( )
Who's that? It's me. ( )
Everything here is expensive. ( )
The match became very exciting.( )
The story of my life may be of help to others.( )
Three times five is fifteen. ( )
His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )
(四)宾语 表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands.( )
We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )
Do you mind opening the window? ( )
Give me four please. ( )
He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )
We need to know what others are doing. ( )
We should care more about our friends. ( )
(五)定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
They are woman workers. ( )
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. ( )
Mary is a beautiful girl.. ( )
The play has three acts. ( )
This is her first trip to Europe. ( )
China is a developing country. ( )
I have nothing to eat. ( )
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )
六)状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )
I left the village five years ago. ( )
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )
We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )
If he goes, so will I . ( )
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )
七)宾语补足语
英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。
They elected me captain of the team. ( )
We try to make our country strong. ( )
We found everything in good order there. ( )
I should advise you to get the chance. ( )
I saw him going upstairs. ( )
八)主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1)Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主语 系动词 表语
2)The city will become rich.
主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是:
“变化”类:______________________________________________.
“感官”类: ______________________________________________.
“持续”类:___________________________________________.
其他:(似乎)________ _______ (证明是)_________
你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.
把鱼放在冰箱里,否则它会变坏的。
___________________________________________________________.
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。
_____________________________________________________________.
这个计划证明是可行的。
________________________________________________________.
2.主语 + 谓语
1)Building has started.
主语 谓语
2)The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语
______搭配:The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配:The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
我每天起的很早,走到小花园,坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱,鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏,我玩得也高兴.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1)The boss employed five more workers.
主语 谓语 宾语
2)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3)Few students like taking exams.
4)He forgot to close the door.
5)I hope I can speak English fluently.
他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。
_______________________________________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒,很快将其喝光。
_______________________________________________________________.
他许诺给我一个礼物。
______________________________________________________________.
4.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
1)He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
2)Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
3)The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4)The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
可接双宾语的常见动词有:ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
1.顺便问一下,她把钱付给你了吗?
______________________________________________________.
2.下学期谁教你们生物?
_______________________________________________________.
3.Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。
_________________________________________________________.
5.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
1)The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
2)I will keep the box in the shade.
3)We found him a very good pupil.
4)She let me stay in the company.
5)We kept the room clean.
6)We heard the girl singing the song.
7)He gad his hair cut short.
该句型中的“宾语 + 宾语补足语”又叫做“__________”
他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。
_______________________________________________________.
我建议他多读点书。
________________________________________________________.
他修了机器。
___________________________________________.
我们选他当班长。
___________________________________________________.

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