口诀巧解短文改错.(转载) (中学英语教学论文) |
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短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力,因此考点综合性强,覆盖面广,错项设置类型多,是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力,除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外,还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解,以便做到目标明确,有的放矢,从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度,用口诀的形式,向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。 短文改错口诀 动词形,名词数, 注意形和副; 非谓动词细辨别, 习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析, 逻辑错误须关注。 一. 动词形 主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如: NMET’98 My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. is NMET’00 Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。 二. 名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如: NMET’01 …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects 三. 区分形和副 及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如: MET’95 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful NMET’99 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately 需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 四. 非为动词细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如: NMET’97 …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested NMET’98 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing NMET’01 My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… to 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。 五. 习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种: 多词、少词和搭配错误。例如: NMET’98 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. of__ 六. 句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结 构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如: NMET’96 They ∧eager to know everything about China and… were NMET’97 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which 第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在 句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。 七. 逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地 名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如: NMET’96 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their NMET’97 First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more NMET’99 … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more 在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。 除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如: NMET’00 She was smiling but nodding at me. and NMET’01 It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or NMET’01 We may be one family and live under a same roof. the 下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____ Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____ the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____ climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____ head touched the pillow. 答案与简析:76. famous前加上a。(名词数)。 77. 正确 78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析) 79. them→us (逻辑错误须关注) 80. visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别) 81. picture→pictures(名词数) 82. passes→passed(动词形) 83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住) 84. and→but(but, and, or和so) 85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)。 (Tel: 69051272 /69051269 Mobile: 13840508185 E-mail: chenjuefa@sina.com ) 相关链接:改错专题指导
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