高考英语复习中常见的状语误用案例解析 (中学英语教学论文)

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  一、从句谓语动词形式错误
  1. They came here in order that they explained
  the matter to us.

  在so that (in order that)引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用can(could)may(might)will(would)should+动词原形的形式。故上述从句在谓语动词前应加could或might但so that引导结果状语从句时,不用此要求限制,如:They came late so that they missed the early bus.
  2. I won’t believe it until I will have seen it with my own eyes.
  在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,一般将来时要用一般现在时表示,过去将来时要用一般过去时表示,将来完成时要用现在完成时表示,故上句until从句中的will应取掉。但will在表示意愿时,可用于状语从句,如:If you will waitI’ll go and ask the manager.
  3. The girl talks as if she has been to the moon.
  在as if (though)引导的方式状语从句中,若陈述情况的可能性小,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词在原基础上向过去退一步。句中has been应改为had been。再如:He speaks to me as if I were deaf。若从句所述情况很可能实现,则用陈述语气。如:It is blowing hard as if it is going to rain.
  4. The man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago.
  在比较状语从句中,谓语动词形式与主句不一致时,不能省略,句中his father后应加did。再如:I know you better than he does.
  5. No sooner was he here than I told him about it.
  no sooner…than…hardly (scarcely)…when…虽和as soon asthe moment…the minute…immediately…一样引导时间状语从句,表示“一…,就…”之意,但前者主句须用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。上句应改为No sooner had he been here than I told him about it。
  6. She caught a cold until her husband came back.
  untiltill引导从句,在肯定句中谓语动词应用持续性动词,句中caught应改为had.
  二、从句引导词使用错误
  1. When time went onhis theory proved to be right.
  当时间状语从句要表示“随着……”之意时,从句引导词要用as,句中when应改为as。另在表示“边……,边……”之时,也须用as引导时间状语从句,如:He cried as he wrote.
  2. Although it rains heavilywe shall still go out.
  thoughalthougheven if (though)均可引导让步状语从句,但在侧重假设或推断时要用though或as if (though)上句中although应改为even if (though)或though。再如Though(Even though) everyone deserts youI will not.
  3. Child although he ishe knows a lot.
  as引导让步状语从句时,状语表语及谓语动词的一部分置于as之前,且表语中的冠词要省略。如:Try as we didwe failed again.又如:Late as he camehe saw the famous man.而although则无此种用法,句中although应改为as.
  4. Because you haven’t repared itwe’ll delay our action.
  becausesinceas引导从句时,because语气最强,常针对why问题,通常表示说话人认为这种原因或理由是听话人所不知道的。当原因或理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或双方知道,或众所周知,一般用sinceas,上句中because应改为since或as。
  5. There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon.
  在such…that句式中,如果such后有manymuch(多),fewlittle(少)修饰名词,such应改为so,注意little表示个体之小时,不用so,上句中第一个such应改为so。
  三、主状不一错误
  1. At the age of fivehis father died.
  状语at the age of five的逻辑主语应为he,而不是his father,没有5岁的父亲。上句应改为:When he was at the age of fivehis father died.
  2. To improve your Englishreading is necessary .
  to improve your English为人的动作,而不是reading的动作,上句可改为To improve your Englishyou should read a lot。但个别短语如generally speaking(一般来说)、strictly speaking(严格地说)、judging from…(依据……判断)、to tell you the truth(实话说),不受主状一致的限制。如:To tell you the truthyour conclusion sounds strange.
  3. Being a fine daywe went out for a play.
  分词作状语,句子主语应是动作发出者或承受者,若分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,应在分词前加上逻辑主语,上句应改为:It being a fine daywe went out for a play.再如:The house burnt downwe had to leave there.
  4. While waiting for the busmy wallet missed.
  分词短语作时间状语,与句子主语my wallet没形成主谓关系,即主语不能发出waiting for the bus的动作。上句应改为while waiting for the busI lost my wallet.
  5. Giving more timeI can do it better.
  主语I应是give动作的承受者句中giving应改为given。

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