| 英语拿高分：复习概念最重要考点错点很关键 （转） (中学英语教学论文) |
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作者:延安中学英语教研组长 朱才龙 一、整理弄清概念，侧重考点、易错点 学英语语法也要借助学理科的方法，整理弄清语法概念，在英语语法体系中有两大“家族”，即复合句、非谓语。它们涉及面广且不易掌握，所以复习从概念入手，用概念指导复习，便于系统理解、掌握。如提出这样的两组思考问题。 什么叫复合句？ 句子分3种：简单句、并列句、复合句。 复合句有两个句子组成，与并列句不同，各有主句、从句。复合句需要什么？连接词复合句分几类？ 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、语从句、同谓语从句形容词性从句(定语从句)副词性从句(状语从句)名词性从句、副词性从句与形容词性从句的差异是什么？名词性从句副词性从句形容词性从句关系代词：who whom whose(还有as than but)关系副词：when where why通过比较发现，形容词性从句that为关系代词，而名词性从句that为连接词；名词性从句whose的连接代词，而且把形容词从句多了连接词those、whether，连接副词how。 [例题]解读下列典型错误：1、I've known all what you told me.为错误句。分析：what为连接代词，应改为that关系代词，成为定语从句修饰all。而2、I've told you all what I know.为正确句。分析：此all为you同位语，what为宾语从句。3、It's known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. 分析：that为主语从句，that不可省略(连接次that不承担句中角色，而且无意义)4、As is known that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.分析：As为定语从句的关系代词，应去掉that。 典型句子分析：A定语从句与地点状语从句的区别：5、This restaurant is the one that we visited.定语从句 分析：定语从句必须要有先行词和关系代词和关系副词。6、This restaurant is where we dined.地点状语从句B定语从句与强调句的区别7、———Where did you see him?———It was in the bookshop where you bought a dictionary last week.定语从句8、It was in the bookshop that you bought a dictionary last week. 强调句C定语从句与同谓语从句的区别9、Have you heard the news that he will be back soon. 同位语从句分析：同位语从句that在同位语从句中不承担任何角色而且无意义。 10、Have you heard the news that he told me yesterday. 定语从句 2、非谓语 什么叫非谓语？在句中不能作谓语非谓语形式几类？to do(将来)主动doing(现在)done(过去)被动3种形式告诉你什么?有时态和语态概念 to do与doing(都可作主语、宾语、表语)区别是什么？ to do将来暂时具体doing现在长期笼统例句：I like playing football but I like to play basketball today. 非谓语to do与doing有哪三类的词？ a.enjoy为例doing b.manage为例todo c.forget等5个动词，既可带to do又可带doing，但时间概念不同。 11、Don't forget to post the letter.分析topost为将来动作。 12、She forgot posting thel etter.分析：posting为完成动作。 13、I mean to learn a foreign language.我打算学门外语 14、Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.换了这班车意味着又要等一小时 二、应用数学解题方法，作出合理推测 应用数学解题方法及对英语语法知识的了解，学会判断句子结构、成份，合理正确与否典型句子 ①is he whom you met yesterday. A.that B.it C.where D.there如选择B.虽然本句为强调句。分析：把句子分成两句，追踪原始句子。 You met him yesterday.第一步强调him放入It that结构 who/whom第二步It is him whom you met yesterday.分析：强调句be动词应与met时态一致，因此正确句为 It was him whom you met yesterday.综上分析，B，it选择不对。而应选A.that That is he whom you met yesterday.定语从句分析：that为指示代词，起承上作用。 ②He can't have gone before you left,he? A.did B.can C.has D.had抓住信息源before you left。如果没有before you left选项可能为C.has。此句显然告诉我们一个过去的时间，因此选A.did。 ③he come,please let me know. A.if B.will C.would D.should分析：选A：If应为If he comes? 选B.will,will he come? 选C.would,would he come? 显然它们都不对。 而D.should为虚拟语气假设If he should come的倒装形式。虚拟If句中有should、had或were可省略If倒装。 ④At no time will he come here.分析：信息源no，否定词在前需倒装。 三、任意词组、结构，搭配正确 1、复合句 连接代词：who whom whose which what 连接副词：when where why how 连接词：that whether 1、用It还是There如： ①It is likely that possible/probable It so happened that It occurred to sb that ②there is no need to do.no point in doing some doubt that a time when no denying that2、when与before结构 ①were/was doing when about to do when had hardly done when He had not climbed long when it began to rain when翻译为“这时”，这是when的特殊结构 ②The telephone had hung up before(还来不及)he could answed it.It will be two months before(“在……以后”)we meet again.Three months have passed before (才)herealizedit. 3、注意特定结构的用法 ①独立主格结构Weather permitting, we'll go out. ②独立结构considering that given that generally speaking ③with结构with everything done. ④leave结构 leave sb. wondering what to do ⑤make it possible to do/that 4、逻辑主语一致性 5、注意对标点符号“，”、句子结构的判断。 Weather permitting，we will go out.这是非谓语结构。 近年高考易失分题汇集 下面分析近年高考中失分最多的几个词汇题，供同学体会。 例1、It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_______. A.rewards B.prize C.awards D.results答案(A)。造成错误的原因在于1.对句子后半部分“婴儿的某些行为能有所回报”不甚理解。2.词义不清。将reward,prize,award都只简单地理解为“奖励”，产生了混淆。 例2、The life of London is made up of many different_____. A.elenents B.sections C.materials D.realities 答案(A)。造成错误的原因主要是对句子不能理解。很明显，句子的主语是“life”，是个抽象概念。“生活是由诸多要素构成的。”“elements”符合此意。而“section”通常为机构，地理范围的组成部分，当然不能选用。而多数同学都选了该选项。 例3、What ever rank you maybe in,it would be wrong to______the law into your own hands. A.bring B.hold C.take D.seize答案(C)。表面看四个选项十分简单，句意也不复杂。但是牵涉到的词组是同学所不熟悉的，因而差错极多。 例4、Her talent and expe rience______her to the respect of the colleagues. A.permitted B.qualified C.deserved D.entitled 答案(D)。错误原因在于对于词意理解不深，结构不熟，对句意不甚了解。“她的才智和经验使其获得同事的尊敬。”对“entitle”这一单词只知有“给予……权力，冠名”之意，而引伸不到“使其获得……”的意义上去。实际用排除法，则可能解决此题。(A)结构有误，此句中respect是名词。(B)与句意不符。(C)deserve无复合结构。 文章来源:新闻晚报 相关链接：教学论文
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