加强教学研究，开创英语教改新天地 (中学英语教学论文)
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王雪妍
我叫王雪妍，是荣成六中英语教研组长，连续多年任高三英语组年级组长。在六中工作的八年里，曾六次获得高考全市第一或第二名的成绩。一年接手一届新的毕业年级，既使我振奋，又使我感到紧张——振奋，因为这是展示自我的机遇；紧张，因为这是近乎“残酷”的拼杀。今年高考模式由“3+2”改为“3+X”，这要求我们对已有的教育理念和教学方法进行了全方位反思和整合。我们坚持以科研为先导，以教改为动力，创造了理科总分前375名，英语平均分全市第一名的好成绩。下面我以“加强教学研究，开创英语教改新天地”为题，谈谈我与全组同志一道改革高三英语教学的一点体会。
多年送高三毕业班使我们感受到送高三没有拼劲和挤劲不行，但在拼上全力、挤到极限的情况下，要使教学成绩一年更比一年好，只在拼和挤上做文章是行不通的。尤其近年来随着应试教育向素质教育转轨和新大纲的推广实施，英语学科的高考命题原则也发生了较大的倾斜。形势要求我们在复习备考的策略上做出相应的调整。把勤奋刻苦的敬业精神与改革创新的科学态度结合起来，加强对“考情、学情、教情”的研究，不断提高教学工作的科技含量，努力开创英语教改新天地，这才是使高三教学立于不败之地的制胜法宝。
一、重析“考情”，把正教改的“方向盘”
要提高高考成绩，依据是科研，潜力在教改。我们知道，事物都是相对的、不断变化的。再好的复习模式也有改进的余地。何况高考一年一个样，因此改革势在必行。
改革要有科学依据，胡乱变个样算不上改革。尤其是教学方面的改革，既要有充分的理论依据，又要有改革的实际条件，注重的是实效性。高三“输”不起。我们不能拿学校的声誉和一届学生的前途做实验。教学必须改革，改革也必须成功。把握在于深入的调查、科学的论证与合理的决策。我们在统计、对比了近六年英语高考题的各项指标后，得出了这样一条结论：历年高考虽然都是从语言知识和运用技能两个维度来考查学生的英语水平，但却逐渐表现出避免让考生直接调用记忆储备、淡化考查成文法则的趋势。也就是说，学生单凭记得多、记得牢，越来越难以得高分了。从这个角度来反思近年的高三教学，我们发现自己的“无用功”“废”得还不彻底，“有用功”的缺口却很大。具体表现在：
1、基础知识教学过分注重“个案”的分析与处理，普遍规律和一般规律的教学力度不够。复习基本原理时，教师们往往觉得“你知我知”、“不言自明”。所以表述语言不准确，不规范，导致了不懂的仍然不懂，含糊的仍然含糊。
2、机械灌输多，引导学生主动探索少，导致了学生不会推断陌生语言知识的意义和用法。如今的英语高考题除了考查学生运用已有知识的能力之外，还间接考查他们探索和领悟未知内容的能力。只给“金子”，不教“点金术”，是不能使学生在考场上应付自如的。如何对讲解灌输进行压缩改造，使之变成启发和指导学生主动的去发现、探索、对照和总结，似乎是教法改革中永恒的话题。
3、非题不读，阅读量放不开，导致了学生接触的语言形式单调，语言实践量小，显得孤陋寡闻。
4、重视词、语、句结构层次上的讲评与强化，忽视了段、篇逻辑层次上指导训练，导致了学生从来都不知道怎样才算得上透彻的理解了一篇文章。
找到问题也就找到了改革的突破口，我们决定在复习中从以下几方面进行改革：
1、优化教法、示范学法、指导学生阅读教材的方法。
采用“创设情景——定向自读----师生共研----质疑点拨---反馈练习”的教学模式。
2、以“知识和能力”协调发展为目的，指导学生学会思维的方法。知识是能力的载体，能力是知识的动作。高中学生应该用以抽象思维为主要特征的学习方法，在教学中进行对比和联想，指导学生学会知识类比和同化的方法，进行归纳和演绎，指导学生探索规律的思维方法。实践证明这些方法给了我们学好英语以“钥匙”。
3、注意例题选用，典型例题重点讲解，培养学生理解策略的转换能力。
选取例题要遵循两个原则：一是有利于解题策略转换，训练学生的多方位的思维方式；二是有利于变式学习，训练学生思维的灵活性，敏捷性，深刻性。
4、改革复习和测验方法，升华学生的学习策略水平。
改由教师归纳、总结的系统复习法为教师指导、学生写复习笔记法；改考试方法为“1+1”方式即“闭卷”与“开卷”考试两种方法，平时以开卷考试为主，让学生多查询资料（如字典、书本、笔记本等）激励学生运用习得的方法快速获取信息、分析信息、运用有效信息去提高自身解决问题的综合能力。
二、精解“学情”，选准教改的切入点
教好是为了学好，不知道怎样才能学得好就不知道怎样才能教得好。
在教学中我们发现，对一个中上水平的学生而言，教师讲解中对其有针对性的有效内容还不够四分之一。学生的个体差异，造成了教学难点的不一致。一般地说，同一班级学生的难点密度呈正态分布状。这引发我们思考这样一个问题：怎样摸清学生学习过程中难点分布范围，确保讲到要害点上，导在节骨眼上，最大限度地避免教与学双方的时力浪费。一年来，我们把调查学生的出错倾向作为研究学法的“导索”，把集中讲评与分层次辅导相结合，作为减少无效投入、提高教学效率的手段，收到较理想的效果。
如：我们以课堂教学的时间安排为突破口，每堂课根据教材的难易度及学生的层次合理分配时间。采用少讲、精讲、多练的方式，每堂课都留有足够的时间对各个层次的学生进行个别辅导，使每堂课人人吃得饱且能消化的了。
我们认为对“学情”的研究更体现在学法的研究上。我们在开展“学情”研讨活动的同时，还注意引导学生自己总结规律和经验教训，在学习中找出解决问题的有效途径和方法。我们发现，同样一个问题在第一轮复习中讲过，而到了第二轮复习时学生听起来还是似懂非懂、又感到陌生，拿到一份试题，许多学生都有“似曾相识”的感觉，但又拿不出准确答案。这说明学生只是把教师灌输的知识短时间内“克隆”到自己的头脑。这种思维呆板的训练现象，只能导致学生背死题，没有启动学生思维的“机器”，没有灵活掌握知识，时间一长就会遗忘。因此在教学中我们调整思路，以先进的教法带动学法，以优秀的教法来影响学法，以创新的教法来指导学法。变由“教师中心论”向“以教师为主导，学生为主体的双边研究性学习”转变。强化学生学习的独立性、主动性、研究性、创造性。启发学生去体会、去分析、去概括。不但让学生会听，还要让学生会学、会记。将已学过的知识进行系统归类。因此，我们在高三级推选了人手一册的“英语精品集锦”，让学生有侧重的将英语的几大知识所涉及的问题记录下来，每个知识点都附有“精品题样”，对经常出现错误且难以理解的题也分门别类做一个专题（我们风趣的叫它为“灰色精品”）记录在册。
究竟如何做记录，又如何运用好这个集锦，这需要我们教师加以指导：一是我们按学科的性质，将知识分成类来处理。即按单选、完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错、书面表达等分类，将这些项中所有知识点及精品题样分别记录在各自的分类中，将前后所学的有关该类别中的要点、难点系统地记录下来。二是每堂课给学生5—10分钟的时间，翻看集锦，系统地对本周所复习过的内容进行强化记忆。四是在第三轮复习结束时，给学生一个周的时间，让学生按“集锦簿”上一个专项一个专项的强化训练。经过多次重复训练，使学生对各专项的知识点有一个比较系统的认识。许多学生有了融会贯通的感觉。我班学生吕建磊，他的英语基础比较差，高考出现了一道自己经常出错的大类型题，在他“集锦”的“灰色精品”中记录过，他毫不费力的做对了这道题，使他获得了121分的好成绩。高考结束后许多同学都觉得这个集锦使自己受益匪浅。
三、立足“教情”，铸造教改新辉煌
我们高三组的六姐妹在年龄结构及资历素质方面都有较大差异：有的执教多年、经验丰富，有的年轻力壮、敢于创新；有的富有钻研精神，有的善于调动学生的积极性；有的课堂教学效率高，有的则以抓课外环节见长。大家都有很多优点，但没有一个是十全十美的。我们都觉得，各自为政谁也搞不上去，齐心协力才能皆大欢喜，互助，互补是我们的最佳合作模式。
一年来，我们群策群力，新老教师相互促进，去年全组六名老师每周至少轮流听一节课，最后共同研讨、集体“会诊”。这样就会有许多新思路、好教法给每个人以启发。相互学习，共同提高。
工作上的默契协作已成为全组老师的自觉行动。如：我们组的一名教师因病住院，其他五名教师轮流为其代课两个周，并主动为她任教的两个班进行自习辅导。在半个多月的时间里她任教的两个班没有耽误一节课和一个自习。
如果说互助、互补、共同改进教法是我们取得较理想成绩的一个重要方面的话，那么加强集体备课则是一项更有力的措施，我们具体做法：
一是同一教法，即每堂课我们采用的授课方式相同。我们采用提前一周备课的方式，每周拿出2---4个小时的时间共同研究下一周的所要复习的课程，分单元制定出简单的授课计划和训练计划，并拿出具体的训练措施。二是同一教案，即每堂课的授课内容、方法、形式及课堂设计一致，授课目的、内容、重点、难点、课时、进度一致。在备课时每个人提出自己的意见，大家一起研究，最后确定出统一的方案。三是精选试题，可以说每道题都有其精华和糟粕。随手“拿来”使用，不但浪费学生的时间，又会给学生一个错误的导向，且不能收到好的效果。因此我们对成套题进行逐题筛选，取其精华，每出一份题都是我们六人联手各自选出一部分组成一份完整的习题，打印出来。这样既掌握了难易度，又覆盖了各个知识点，也避免了学生对“题海”进行大量的复制训练。四是加强“网上交流”。充分利用我校与北京101中学、四中、五中、西城、东城等各校联网的有利条件，加强网上信息传递，互相学习，共同发展。
另外，在高考前夕，我们将近三年的高考题及姚老师所出的统考题重新做了一遍，以便让学生对高考命题思路有了更深层次的理解。
我们就是这样齐心协力，上下一心。可以说我们的精诚团结、齐心合作是有口皆碑的，基本上是一个声音喊到底。经过我们全组人的共同努力，特别是在教研室姚生军老师的多次指点下，使得我校今年英语高考成绩取得全市第一的好成绩。在此，对姚老师表示衷心的感谢。
一年来，我们一路艰辛，一路收获。虽然我们在教改的路上迈出了可喜的一步，但前方的路还很长，教改的任务任重而道远。今年我们又接受了送高三的任务，我们会一如既往地 “加强教学研究，开创英语教改新天地”。我们坚信，在我们的教学生涯中，会有泪水、成功与微笑，让我们孜孜以求，我们不会停步。

孙阳 GS0040031 清华大学 高考英语140分
我是怎样准备英语高考的
　　我是北京四中应届高中毕业生，在今年的高考中，我以较好成绩考入清华大学，其中英语成绩为140分。我愿意把我的英语应考经验与体会介绍给大家，希望能对各位有所帮助。我从两个方面讲：
一是平时怎样打好基础，二是高考前怎样冲刺。
1． 平时打好基础。
　　一般来说，高一高二是打基础的黄金时期，此时掌握科学的方法，会使你的词汇量、语感和语言运用能力都会迅速提高。方法：
　　（1） 扎实学好课本，重视记录和整理笔记。高中老师一般会把课文中的语法点集中讲解。要做到认真听讲，详细记下词汇、词组和它们的衍生词汇及其搭配。最好记录老师的例句。回家一定要整理笔记，对于不甚清楚的地方，可以通过查词典进行补充。较好的词典如朗文的《英汉多功能词典》。
　　（2） 要坚持背诵好的文章。我高一高二每周背诵一篇《新概念》第二册课文，这对增加词汇量和增强语感有很大帮助。
　　（3） 扩大阅读量，多读原著。我高一高二读了许多英文原著小说，并摘录其中的好句子，练习写出段落大意。我感到读原著可以提高学习英语的兴趣，在愉快的阅读中，不知不觉中提高了英语水平。
2． 考前科学冲刺。
　　英语高考题分为听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解和写作五项。我想分别说一说我的应考经验。
　　（1） 听力。以模拟练习为主。书店里这方面的参考书很多，内容大同小异，可以挑一两本，每周做三四套自测题，还可以每天早晨听CRI的英语新闻，只要听懂主要意思就可以了。
　　（2） 单项选择。我建议不要花太多功夫做题、抠语法，只要把老师课上讲的弄懂就可以了，我高考前每天只用五分钟时间做这项工作。有的同学觉得自己在这类题上总出错，便花费大量时间做题，其实效果并不好。以扩大阅读来提高这方面的能力可以收到事半功倍的效果。
　　（3） 完形填空。可以每天做一篇练习，重要的是要对照答案找出出错的原因，所以最好选择每道题的答案附有详细解释的参考书。要多总结，争取培养出“题感”，就是当你面对几个模棱两可的答案时，可以揣摩到出题人的意图，从而选出正确的选项。同样，完形填空也可以通过扩大阅读来带动。
　　（4） 阅读理解。一定要坚持每天做两三篇阅读理解练习。我高三期间做过七八百篇阅读练习。对于做错的题，一定要认真分析，让自己的思路向答案的思路靠拢。很多时候，当我们选错了选项时，仍然觉得自己很有道理，此时要果断地中断自己的思路，静下心来为答案找理由。书店里这种书也很多，挑选时要注意质量，要挑选权威出版社出版的，最好答案后有分析，这样可以避免被印刷错误的答案误导。阅读理解的题目都出自原文，做题的时候紧紧围绕原文考虑问题。我在阅读时喜欢把文章中和题目有关的句段画出来，以防止自己想当然。做题时就从这些句段中分析作者的思路和写作意图，从而找出正确的答案。总之，做阅读理解题既不能想得太多，又不能想得太少，这中间有一个分寸，练习做得多了，自然就掌握了。我在英语高考中阅读理解得了满分，就得益于这个方法。
　　（5） 写作。写作很容易在短时间内有大的飞跃，要做的就是积累一些经典的句型、地道的表达方式。我在备考期间读了一本美国中学生的作文集，把精彩的段落和句子抄下来并仿写几句，最后整理出几十个最常用、最精彩的表达法，写作文时有意识地想一想，总能用上几个。
　　最后我想说的是，新东方高考英语培训班会教给我们许多应考经验和诀窍，都很灵验，我在这里不重复了，同学一定会从中获益。
“二模”考试后英语复习策略

　　听力练习日常化
　　“二模”考试后，无论考生听力水平如何，都要针对自己的实际情况选择适合自己的听力材料，将听力练习日常化。每天至少坚持用十分钟时间来练习听力(一篇模拟听力材料可分两次听)，不要中断。即使是6月8日高考英语的那天早上，也要听一篇听力材料。对于中、上等水平的考生尤其要注意这一点。
　　单项选择融情景
　　对于单项选择题的复习，要注意试题的难度。从对近十年高考单项选择题的分析中可以看出，其难度在不断降低，特别是纯粹考语法的题型已不复存在。要注重语言交际。在特定的语境下，怎样得体地进行交际，是近年来高考单选题的一大特点。所以，对于使用十年英语高考题来作最后冲刺练习的考生来说，不要把重心放在前几年以语法为主的单项选择题型上，应注重近两年的高考单选择题型。
　　完形阅读突难关
　　“完形填空题”和“阅读理解题”是英语高考的重点。在“二模”考试后的有限时间里，不可能面面俱到，但这两个专题却非抓不可。当然也要有的放矢，你的“完形”好一些，就多花点时间在“阅读”上，反之亦然。考生要依据“二模”考试各大题的得分情况确定下一步的复习重心。在“阅读”、“完形”材料的选择上，笔者建议考生选用《十年高考英语分类解析》一书，其好处有以下两点：
　　一是十年高考题具有绝对的权威性。它的文字材料都是经过精心挑选的，各选项也是精心设计的，参考答案解析详细、独到。进入最后冲刺阶段，对考生来说，它是一面镜子，是一把标尺。因为它能有效地避免选用其他模拟考试题(特别是市面大量出现的头年各省区的高三模拟题)出现的过深、过难或过浅的倾向。
　　二是解决了考生身边没老师就无法解决疑难问题的矛盾。一般说来，这个阶段的考生，其基础知识和基本技能都达到了相当的程度，也有了较强的自学能力。“二模”考试后，考生发现问题通过看分析题解，90%以上的问题都能及时解决。剩下的问题集中起来去问问老师也就差不多了。这样做，既培养了考生的自学能力，又保证了复习的质量。
　　扩大词汇破瓶颈
　　词汇量不足是历届考生共同面临的一大问题。教育部颁布的新课程标准的出台，对中学生扩大英语词汇量已提出了明确要求，即需掌握3000个至3500个词汇。现在的高考阅读就是以3000个至3500个词汇量为标准的。但由于高三下学期时间短，许多学校对中英合编的高三下册教材弃之不用，转而投向高三复习。结果考生从初中到高中教材中掌握的词汇仅有2000个左右，本来就少的词汇又做了减法。所以，笔者建议应把高三下学期教材过一遍。当然，只靠教材来扩大词汇还远远不够，考生还要通过阅读大量课外读物来学习词汇，充分利用词典来了解和掌握词汇。《中国教育报》2003年4月30日
生词呈现的十种方法
　
一、实物法(Using Real Objects)
这是最直观形象的方法，与日常生活和学校生活有关的许多英语生词都能找到相应的实物。教师在课前准备好这些实物，不少与学习有关的实物在教室里就能找到。除了实物以外，有些事物，如动物植物、山川江湖、车船火箭等还可以用图片来介绍有关的词汇。
二、演示法（Demonstation）
有些表示行为动作的英语词汇，例如sob, chuckle, stagger, shuffle，教师在介绍这一类词汇时，除了用语言进行口头解释外，还应该辅以身体动作和面部表情，这不仅使词汇更加清楚，而且由于调动了视觉和听觉两种记忆，使学生能更牢固地记住所学的词汇。
三、画图法（Drawing or Sketching）
这是一种简单有效的方法，教师可以学习一点简笔画，一个简单的图形就能形象地表明词汇的意思。
四、上下文例示法(Contextual Exemplification)
通过举例，把生词置于句子上下文所提示的语境中来解释介绍是一种有效的方法，它能准确地显示出英语词汇的词义和用法，培养学生根据上下文判断词义的能力。一些功能性的词或词组，如并列连词or, nor, for, therefore, so, as, well as, both…and 等等，这些词或词组更必须通过丰富的例句，从各种上下文关系中才能充分地显示出其意义用法，加之教师的口头讲解，学生才能较好地领会掌握。
五、层次列示法（Showing Degress or Scales）
有些属于同一范畴的英语词汇，在意思上却有程度上的区别或相反、对应的关系，对这类词汇，教师有时可以采用集中教学的方式，将之加以整理并按程度关系排列起来，学生通过联系对比，能更好地记忆和掌握这类词汇。
比较方法教学在比较级、最高级中尤为实用，比如教学“small”这个单词时，可连同教它的比较级smaller, 最高级smallest.
六、同义词法（Using Synonyms）
这是英语词汇教学里常用的方法，教师用学生已学过的意思相同或相近的词汇去解释新出现的词汇，如：big—large.
用同义词介绍解释生词不仅有利于学生把新旧词联系起来，有利于英语思维的发展，而且使学生意识到表达同一个意思，英语有多种表达手段。
七、反义词法(Using Antonyms)
由于学生的词汇量有限，采用同义词来解释新词有时会遇到困难，这种情况下，如果学生已学过它们的反义词 ，则可以采用反义词来解释新出现的词汇。
八．翻译法（Translation）
这是一种传统的办法，虽然被有些教师过渡使用，但仍不失为一种有效的办法，特别是一些抽象名词和技术性词汇，如discrimination, communism等。要介绍这类词汇，翻译可能仍是唯一可行的方法。
九、“滚雪球”法
新旧结合，利用联想的规律，在讲授新单词的时候，将它归入以前学习过的某类词汇中。这里的“某类” 并不是指词类，而是根据生活中事物所分的类别。例如：
动物类：deer bear bat dog…
人体部位类：body head arm leg …
这主要用于名词类的词汇，但也可以用于其他词类。如表示人的运动或行为也可归纳出walk, stand, sit , craws, run…等。
十、利用组合“滚雪球”
英语中有许多合成词。在学生掌握一些单词的基础上，有目的地将这些已知的词进行组合，构成新词，这些词很大一部分可以从各个组成部分的词义中了解它的意思。这样既扩大了学生的词汇量，又不会增加学生的负担。例如：
room: bedroom classroom reading-room…
因为英语中这类合成词很多，用这种方法“滚雪球”可以随时进行，只要教师在单词教学中稍加留心即可。
在运用这几种方法呈现英语生词时，要注意以下几点：①要紧密结合课文内容。②呈现单词时机要恰当。③充分调动学生的积极性。④运用多种方法进行教学。
From：《英语周报》153期 浙江省台州市路桥区新桥中学 彭灵平 引自K12
英语：培养理解能力

一、关于基本功训练的问题　　1、注意三个积累（1）单词、词组和短语（特别是动词搭配）的积累；（2）常用句型的积累；（3）日常交际用语的积累。　　2、注意训练方法　　语言的作用是为了交际。语言教学的目的在于教会语言的使用，而不是讲授大量的语言知识。语言是一门技能课（skilllesson），不是讲解课（lecturecourse）。技能课靠苦练，靠实践，靠开口说，动手写，而不是靠死记硬背。 A、要尽量把单词、词组、短语放在句中进行训练，有可能的话，放在短文中进行训练，贯彻“词不离句，句不离篇”的教学原则及方法。用“词——句——文”教学法进行“书面表达”的训练。学习或复习的词语： setup,makeprogress(insth.),takepartin,makeupone'smind,devoteoneselfto 训练方法：　　第一步：翻译练习　　1、学校附近正在建造一座现代化的电脑中心。 (Amoderncomputercentreisbeingsetupnearourschool.) 　　2、他们英语大有进步。 (TheyaremakinggreatprogressinEnglish.) 第二步：造句练习（用以上六个词组或短语造句。）（略）第三步：书面表达练习 [要求]根据提示写一篇短文，文中要含以上6个词语。 B、要注意“一种意思多种表达法”的训练，比如：“我用一个小时做这项工作”起码可用四种表达法： Ittookmeanhourtodothework. Itcostmeanhourtodothework. Itookanhourtodothework. Ispentanhourdoingthework. C、语法复习要贯彻“练—讲—练”的原则，以练为主，讲练结合。 D、精选练习，不搞题海战术，不轻易购买并使用社会上流传的所谓高考复习资料等。　　二、在复习中，加强“理解”能力的培养　　1、加大短文阅读量。要注意文章的题材、体裁，要选择篇幅长度适中，信息量比较充分的材料。　　2、加强快速阅读训练，在“快”的基础上，提高学生获取信息的能力，进而提高学生理解能力、判断能力及分析能力。　　三、要研究高考题大题之间的内在联系，加强学生对高考题的整体意识。比如：题型考查层次考查方式考查内容单项填空完形填空短文改错单项运用综合运用直接应用单句选择填空短文选择填空短文观察判断改错语法词汇（基础知识）同上同上　　1、单项填空、完形填空、短文改错之间的内在联系如下： “考查层次”可称之为试题的“起点”，而“考查内容”则为“落点”。这三个题型，“起点”不同，有高有低，但“落点”相同。英语高考题就是用“起点高，落点低”的试题来考查学生的能力的。　　2、“书面表达+短文改错”则为今后学生继续深造写真正的作文作好准备。一个学生写出一篇“作文”，能找出文中的错误并改正，这就是两个题型的内在联系。　　四、要研究高考题，要利用高考题研究高考题，要把这几年高考题的轨迹和当年高考的特点结合起来。要熟悉和研究每个题型的考查内容、特点、命题思路，从而找到解题思路和复习思路。
A Memory of My Childhood

　　One day, when I was six years old, my aunt cane to see us form Shanghai. My parents and brother happened to be out then.
　　It　was late in the afternoon. The room was a little dark. My aunt felt tired. I asked her to sit down and have a rest. "When are　your daddy and mummy, my dear?" asked Aunt. " They have gone shopping and will be back in an hour. I'll fetch a cup of tea for　you, aunty." When I went into the kitchen, a good idea came into my mind: After a ling journey my aunt must be very hungry.　I'll give her a cup of milk instead of a cup of tea. When I opened the cupboard. I saw a bottle of 'milk' powder in it. I　poured a cup of the 'milk' and gave it to my aunt. " Thank you very much. It's very　kind of you," she said. " Please taste　the milk. Has it enough sugar?" My aunt took a sip of the 'milk' and spilt it out at once. " What is it, Ranran?" she asked　in surprise. " It's milk," I said loudly and proudly. " But it doesn't taste like milk. Where did you get it?" I took Aunt　into the kitchen and showed the bottle to her. Oh, it turned out to be a bottle of washing powder!
　　In the evening my parents　came back. When they heard what I did, my mother said to me with a smile, " You are great. You have learned to entertain　guests without us."
　　Several years have passed. NNow I am a middle school student. Every time my parents repeat the story, we　have a good laugh over it.
Notes:
1. Cupboard: n. piece of furniture, with shelves and doors, for keeping things in. 碗柜
2.Powder: n. any fine stud like dust. 粉末；粉
3. Pour: v. flow steadily and rapidly; rain hard and steadily 倒；灌；大雨倾盆
4.?Sip: n. a very small amount of drink. 一呷之量
5. Entertain: v. to amuse and interest. 使高兴；使感兴趣
Mother's Love

　　　Love's love is the greatest in the world. One evening, it was raining hard and it was very dark outside. Suddenly I got a bad headache. My mother felt my head and found that I had a high fever. She was so worried that shi took me on the back to thenearby hospital at once.
　　 At that time, it was about midnight and it was raining even harder. I looked down at my mother andfound that she was walking hard in the heavy rain. I couldn't keep back my tears. When she was too tired to walk on, she letme down. 　But when she found I could hardly stand, she took me on the back again and went on walking. When we got to the hospital, she was out of breath. The doctor looked me over carefully and let me take some hot water and some medicine.
　　 On the way home, I felt a little better. So I told my mother that could walk slowly by myself. But mother took me in the back without a word. When we got home, mother fell to the floor. She was too tired! The next day I felt much better, but mother got ill.
　　What a great mother! How great mother's love is　!
　　Notes: Out of breath: breathing very rapidly. 上起不接下气
What a Strange Dream

　When I walk in the street, I found the the trees on either side of it fewer and fewer. Oh, dear! There was only sand 　around me atlast.
　 Suddenly I saw a white horse in front of me. I jumped onto it and all at once it flew into the sky. I was so frightenedthat I closed my eyes. After a few minutes, I felt I was falling quickly. Suddenly I fell off the horseand fell to the groundheavily. I touched my eyes, my nose and my mouth. Thank god! They were still in my face. I couldhardly believe I was still alive. Then I opened my eyes. I looked up into the sky. There were a few clouds in the sky. One of them looked like a tigerand one of them like a cat. Different clouds looked like different things and they changed　their shapes all the time. Then I looked down at the ground. There were a sea of beautiful grass and flowers. Some butterflies were playing on the flowers. Theyplayed very happily. I went up to play with them. A few minutes later, I　found there was a small river in front of me. The　water in it was very clean. A lot of fish were swimming in it. I went into　the water and began to swim…
　" Wake up,　XiaoQiang, wake up. You must get up or you will be late! Oh, my God! Were　you sleeping on the floor all the night?" Mother's voicecame into my ears.
Notes:
1. Frightened: adj. In a state of fear afraid. 受惊吓的；害怕的
2. Alive: adj. Living, not dead, having life. 活着的
3. Shape: n. form. 形状 4. Butterfly: n. insect with big, pretty wings. 蝴蝶花
Learn From Fang Fang

　When I walk in the street, I found the the trees on either side of it fewer and fewer. Fang Fang and I are No.5 Middle School students. We are good friends.
　　One Sunday morning, we went to the department store in our town to buy a new coat. After we had bought the coat, we left the shop in a hurry.
　　On our way home, I realized that the shop- assistant had given me one Yuan too much for change. I was very pleased and said to my friend, " Fang Fang, she gave me one Yuan too much. Let's go and buy some apples to eat." At first, I thought she'd be bound to agree with me. But she thought for a while and said, " My friend, let's take the money back to the saleswoman of the store. I didn't steal the money, buy its mine now." then she cried, " Think what you're saying! And you are a League Member, too!'
　　I lowered my head. My heard sank and my face turned red. I remember that our teachers had often told us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng and never to take money that is not ours. I had said to myself so often, "I'll become an honest person and serve the people wholeheartedly." Then I looked up and said to Fang Fang, " You're right. Let's take the money back to the saleswoman."
　　When we got there, I went straight up to the saleswoman and said to her in a low voice, " Comrade, you gave me one Yuan too much. Here you are." She took back the money and said with a smile, " Thank you, little Lei Feng…" my face turned red again, and I ran away quickly.
　　This little incident took place two years age, but I often think about it. Fang Fang is honest and noble-minded. She is really a living Lei Feng. I must learn from her.
A Pair of Red Shoes

　I have ever seen a pair of red shoes with some coloured butterflies on them. They were so beautiful that I like them as first glance. But I couldn't persuade my mother to buy them for me. I had to make up my mind to realize my wish by myself. So I kept on saving money for several months.
　　The shoes were bought at last.
　　However, to my surprise, the shoes didn't fit me. When I was walking, my feet were blistered from the rubbing. From then on, I didn't dare to wear them any longer.
　　Day by day, I am growing up. Thanks to the pair of shoes, I have set up my own philosophy. There are so many temptations all our lives, but what we choose should first suit ourselves. We can't wrong ourselves for other's eyes.
　　The shoes on our feet may be neither pretty nor charming, but both of which just fit ourselves. So no matter what we may do, perhaps it isn't interesting or after our hearts, if we devote ourselves to it, we are sure to make great success.

I Made the World Nice

　　A few months ago, during the summer holidays, I worked as a waiter for social practice at a restaurant.
　　One night, just before new school began, I found a large black wallet lying on the floor near one of the tables, I was very busy at that time and I thought if the wallet contained anything valuable, the owner would be back again for it. Sure enough, an hour later, a man rushed in and asked if anyone had found a wallet. I asked him to describe the lost wallet. He did. He was joyful when I handed it to him. He asked me if I bad opened it. I said, “No.” He immediately opened it and I found there was quite a lot of money inside. He took a 50-Yuan bill and gave it to me. I didn't accept. “It's people like you who make everything in the world look nice,” he said. Thanking me again, he turned and walked away.
　　Thanking about it later, I found what the incident gave me was worth much more than anything that money could buy. Yes. It's everyone's duty to make the world nice.
My Grandpa

　My grandpa is a retired worker. On summer evenings, we often sat together outside the house enjoying the cool air. It was the time that he told me lots of his experiences before liberation, some of which I've forgotten, but there is one I'll remember forever.
　　When my grandpa was fourteen years old, he worked in a coal mine. One day, when he and his two workmates were working in the tunnel an unfortunate thing suddenly happened. A part of the tunnel fell down, and they were shut in it. They had no food to eat. When they were hungry they only drank some water there. It was very cold in it. I order to keep warm they hugged one another. In the darkness, they didn't know whether it was day or night, they only felt they had stayed there for a very long time. They were too hungry to speak or move, and thought they would die. At last, the tunnel was dug through. They were saved. They had been there for fourteen days!
　　My grandpa said they had not been let out at once. If so, they would have died. They were kept at the entrance to the tunnel where it was very dim, and they were fed with some thin porridge. After a day or two, they had recovered a bit, and they were helped out.
　　After liberation, my grandpa worked very hard, and he was elected as an advanced worker every year. He is also a people representative of our city. He is loved and respected by everyone who knows him, and he lives the rest of his life happily.

An Unforgettable Day

　　Late one afternoon, I was on my way home from school. I walked slowly along the street with my head drooped. The scenes on both sides of the street were beautiful, but I had no interest in them at all. I walked and walked, thinking of what had happened that day.
　　Just a few minutes before the second class began that afternoon, I was asked to go to the teacher's office. I heard my teacher talking to my mother with anger.
　　“How could you dare to go to see a film this morning without permission?” Mother said at the top of her voice, slapping me in the face heavily. I look at Mother, dumbfounded…
　　I walked more slowly, for I had seen my house ahead, where Mother was always standing at the door, smiling at me, at this time every day. But now, she wasn't there. My heard was beating faster. I even didn't dare to open the door for fear that Mother should beat again.
　　Not knowing what to do, I sat on the ground near the door, blaming myself for what I had done. I was lost in deep agony.
Suddenly a soft hand patted me on the head. I looked up, seeing Mother standing beside me. I couldn't help crying, “Mum!” tears rolling down my cheeks.

　I'm a booklover, but some of my classmates call me “book-worm”. I never mind it because reading is one part of my life. Books are my best friends, I think. Do you know books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom?
　　When I'm free or in trouble, I always take out a book and read quietly. In no time, I've put my heart into it so that I'll forget all the troubles. It's in this way that I've formed the habit of reading in any time.
　　Little boys as I was, I was interest in picture books and storybooks. I was struck by them. No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel, plays, essays and so on. I found I could get much from them. Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang.
　　Reading “The Emperor's New Clothes”, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. “The Little Match Girl” couldn't keep me from crying for her misery. “ Robinson Crusoe” took me into a strange world full of danger. And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller's patience and perseverance… Besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. In a word, good books can make me know what I didn't before. So I think of a good book as my best friend.
　　I'll never forget this famous saying,“ Good books are best friends who never turn their backs upon us.”

　I'm a booklover, but some of my classmates call me “book-worm”. I never mind it because reading is one part of my life. Books are my best friends, I think. Do you know books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom?
　　When I'm free or in trouble, I always take out a book and read quietly. In no time, I've put my heart into it so that I'll forget all the troubles. It's in this way that I've formed the habit of reading in any time.
　　Little boys as I was, I was interest in picture books and storybooks. I was struck by them. No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel, plays, essays and so on. I found I could get much from them. Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang.
　　Reading “The Emperor's New Clothes”, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. “The Little Match Girl” couldn't keep me from crying for her misery. “ Robinson Crusoe” took me into a strange world full of danger. And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller's patience and perseverance… Besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. In a word, good books can make me know what I didn't before. So I think of a good book as my best friend.
　　I'll never forget this famous saying,“ Good books are best friends who never turn their backs upon us.”

　I'm a booklover, but some of my classmates call me “book-worm”. I never mind it because reading is one part of my life. Books are my best friends, I think. Do you know books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom?
　　When I'm free or in trouble, I always take out a book and read quietly. In no time, I've put my heart into it so that I'll forget all the troubles. It's in this way that I've formed the habit of reading in any time.
　　Little boys as I was, I was interest in picture books and storybooks. I was struck by them. No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel, plays, essays and so on. I found I could get much from them. Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang.
　　Reading “The Emperor's New Clothes”, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. “The Little Match Girl” couldn't keep me from crying for her misery. “ Robinson Crusoe” took me into a strange world full of danger. And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller's patience and perseverance… Besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. In a word, good books can make me know what I didn't before. So I think of a good book as my best friend.
　　I'll never forget this famous saying,“ Good books are best friends who never turn their backs upon us.”
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