激发学生学习兴趣,增加课堂趣味教学 (中学英语教学论文)

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解秀勇
苏联教育家科罗廖夫说:"有趣味,有吸引力的东西使识记可能性几乎增加一倍半。这就是教学的潜力所在,轻松的、由其是令人发笑的东西使无意识效率提高70%。"科罗廖夫的观点指出了趣味性在教学过程中的神奇力量,也揭示了广大教师对趣味教学推崇倍至的真正原因,受到启发,笔者作了如下工作:
一、最大限度地激发学生学习兴趣。
"兴趣"是-个人获得知识的潜在能力。有了兴趣,才会有学习的主动性和自觉性,才会变苦学为乐学。教学改革家魏书生说"兴趣象柴可以点燃,也可以捣毁。兴趣的柴在每个学生的脑子里存在着,区别不在于学生有没有兴趣,而在于有的教师能否点燃兴趣,有的教师却只能捣毁兴趣"。作为一名教师,如果在你的课堂上对学习不感兴趣,没有爱你所教的学科,那么你就是一个失败的教育者。因此,教师应采取形式多样的教学手段来激发学生学习兴趣,富于变化的教学语言:音量、语调、语速的变化及幽默、风趣语言的运用都能激发学生的兴趣。总是一样高的音量,一样的语调、语速,长时间来讲一节课,会使学生处于大脑疲劳状态,达不到好的教学效果。所以,一堂课要不断而又恰当地改变讲课的音量、语调和语速。幽默风趣的语言恰当运用,也能收到良好的教学效果。如在讲介词but的用法时采用顺口溜:"有do无to,无do带to"来讲,即讲清了用法,又激发了学习兴趣。
二、增加语言教学中的举例艺术。
教师在讲解语法,解析词汇时,举例说明是一个重要手段。但所选例子直接影响到课堂的气氛。只有好的例子才能吸引学生的注意力,帮助学生快速实现语言知识向言语技能的转化,使其"记忆的可能性"增加,"无意记忆效率提高"。以下几个方面我在举例时经常考虑在内的。
1.有趣味。
为增加例句的趣味性,我们可以借歌词、谚记、笑话和谜语。歌曲能迅速提起学生兴趣,而笑话可以使课堂气氛轻松愉快,猜谜语可以发挥学生的想象力, 谚语则渗透德育教育,让学生懂得一些人生哲理。如教where引导的状语从句时就可以举谚语:Where there is a will,there is a way.
2.有语境。有 些词汇如果利用语篇和语境教学效果会更好,如:在教full一词时,我就创下以下与学生日常活接近,容易被学生理解和接受的语篇和语境,帮助学生推测、理解和掌握词汇。
语篇 (1)一Would you have some beef?
-NO,thanks. I have had two bottles of noodles, three apples and three eggs. Now I'm very full.
语篇 (2)─Mine is empty. Would you pass me a bottle of milk?
-Certainly. Here you are.
借助语篇和语境学十会很轻松、自然地猜出语篇(1)中的Full的意思为"饱了",而语篇(2)中为"满的"。
3.句式多样化
举例时应用各种各样的句式,如否定句、疑问句、强调句和感叹句等。这既能避免课常的单调和枯燥。又能帮助掌握和复习已经学过的句式。如在教词组"belong to"时就可以利用教室里的东西举例:
"Who does this dictionary belong to? Does it belong to you?"
学生可能回答:"No.it doesn't belong to me.It belongs to her! It belongs to her.doesn't it? Oh!I know it is her that this dictionary belongs to''
三、多样化的练习。
为了使课堂活跃,结合教学要求,间接地穿插一些语言,角色扮演是很有必要的。
1.讲故事,
有关人物传记历史的方面的文章可以采取讲故事法。如SBIB L54(Abraham Lincoln)是介绍有关美国第十六任总统林肯的课文,在教学之前,我先讲述了-个有关林肯的小故事。
T: How long should a man's legs be? Do you know?
Ss: No.
T: Ok! Listen to me carefully.Please.
When Lincoln was a lawyer,two fiends came to him and said"Lincoln,We want you to settle an argument for us. Tell us exactly how long should a man's legs be?
Now,one friend had very short legs.The other friend had very long legs.
"Well"Lincoin said:"I never give this matter much thought.But now that I think it would say…"
Lincoln stopped.He looked at the friend with short legs and then the friend with long legs.
"Well"Lincoln went on" I would say a man's leg should be exactly lay enough to reach from his body to the ground"
Lincoln的机智,幽默使学生听得津津有味。
2.造句竞赛:
利用学生的好胜心理,要求学生用本单元学过的词和词组在同学之间展开造句竞赛。看谁造得多的明确。
3.用表情,动作猜词和词组。
表情、动作非语言手段是相对于语言本身来讲。 这活动能训练学生胆量,同时加深对这些词组的印象,激发他们的学习兴趣,充分发挥他们想象力和内在潜力。如教SB2A第十课Baby language这一课时,我设置了这样一个情景。我开始问
T:What did I want to do with the fingers put before my lips?
Ss:You wanted us to be quiet.
Ss: You asked us to stop talking.
我动了-下大拇指,接着问:
T:What did I want to say to him when I raised my thumb?
Ss: You want to praise him for his answer.
我笑着点子点头:What did I want to express when I nodded my head?
Ss:You agreed to his opinion.
T:Who can ask or tell someone to do something without a saying.
学生纷纷举手表演聋哑人常做的一些动作,我 让他们暂停,并提问;
Just now ,we all expressed ourselves without spoken language. Can you tell me what language we used.
Ss:Body language.
这样一来,使同学们开怀大笑,收到了满意的效果。
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