| 牛津英语模块5→6 知识点(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计) |
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[词条1] attend (Book 1) [点拨] attend 相当于be present at意为“出席，参加” attend the meeting /school /wedding/lecture,etc. [拓展] 类似的动词或短语有：participate in, take part in, join in, join与attend participate in一般表示参加休闲游戏类活动，强调参加的个体地位的平等，如：participate in the game/the experiment. 参加比赛或竞争性活动一般用“take part in”更为合适，强调付出了努力。take part in 指参加有组织的，严肃的，重大的活动。 join in 指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。 We only need one more player for this game - can you persuade your sister to join in? Join指参加团体或组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb.（与某人一起）。It's a great club. Why don't you join it? We are arranging a performance for no benefit. Will you join us? [词条2] achieve (Book 1) [点拨]achieve 强调了由于极大的努力，克服困难后达到既定目标。 achieve success/ victory/one’s goal/ one’s ambition They achieved their purpose through a series of experiment. [拓展] 类似的动词有reach, gain。 reach 指到达某地方，达到目的，达成协议或结论等，而不涉及为此所花费的努力。 reach a place/ a conclusion/ an agreement gain “获得”，指获得某种好处、利益或经验。Nothing can be gained without an effort. [词条3] prepare(Book 1) [点拨] prepare sth．意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；另有“配置、调制”之意。 Mother is preparing lunch in the kitchen． [拓展] 类似的短语有：prepare for；prepare…for；be prepared for；be（get）ready prepare for意为“为……作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。 We are preparing for the mid-term examination． prepare sth．for意为“为……做好准备”。 The students are preparing their lessons for the exam．be prepared for强调准备好的状态。 Can you be prepared for your future job？ be（get）ready意为“准备好”，着重指准备的结果。 be（get）ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。 Miss Li said，“Everyone should be ready before class．”He is always ready to help others． [词条4] regret(Book 1) [点拨] regret to do sth. 遗憾地去做某事 I regret to tell you that you have failed your driving test once again. [拓展] regret doing 后悔做了某事 He has regretted saying mean words to his best friend. 接不定式和动名词意思不一样的动词短语还有： 1)stop to do sth 停下来继续做另一件事; stop doing sth 停止作某事 2)mean to do打算做某事；mean doing 意味着…… 3)remember to do sth 记着要去做某事; remember doing sth 记得作了某事 5)want to do sth 某人想去干某事;want doing sth 需要… 6)go on to do sth 继续作另一件事; go on doing sth 继续做一件事 7)try to do sth 努力作某事;try doing sth 试着作某事 [词条5] explain(Book 1) [点拨]explain to sb. sth./ explain sth. to sb. Can you explain the first sentence to me once again ? The teacher was explaining to the students that there were several ways to work out the maths problem. [拓展]可以这样用的动词有report, announce, introduce, suggest, whisper, etc. [词条6] reason(Book 1) [课文原句] I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty…(Line25,Page22) [点拨] reason意为“理由”、“原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如：There are many reasons for animals dying out． [拓展]类似的词有cause; excuse cause意为“起因”、“原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和effect连用，表示因果关系。如： I don’t know the cause and effect．我不知道此事的前因后果。 excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如：Too much work is no excuse for absence．工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。 [词条7] be hard on(Book 1) [点拨]be hard on 对…太苛刻。如：Don’t be too hard on your son. After all, he is too young. [拓展] be hard on sb还可表示对…要求严格，类似于be severe with sb/ be strict with sb. The captain is hard on his teammates= The captain is strict with his teammates.= The captain is severe with his teammates. [词条8] insist(Book 1) [课文原句] Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music. (Lines7-8,Page38) [点拨] insist vt. / vi. 坚持，坚持认为.作不及物动词用时,后跟on或upon引起的短语 We insisted upon meeting the Mayor of the city at once. [拓展] insist 作及物动词时，只能接从句作宾语。 1)insist作坚“决要求、一定要”,其宾语从句常用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,其中should可以省略。如: Her father insists that she (should) learn music after she leaves school. 2) insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”时,用陈述语气。如: Alice insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 动词suggest也可以这样用。suggest 在主句中如果作“建议”讲时，从句用虚拟语气即should+动词原形，should也可以省略；但suggest 作“暗示，表明”讲时，从句用陈述语气。I suggest that he (should) go there at once.His pale face suggested that he was ill.但当suggest用于It’s suggested that …句型中,从句也用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should也可以省略。名词suggestion后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句也用虚拟语气。He made a suggestion that we (should )read more English books out of class.It’s suggested that the work (should )be done at once. [词条9] forbid(Book 1) [点拨] forbid系常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”, 如:The doctor forbids him to smoke. [拓展] Forbid, ban, prohibit都含“禁止”的意思。ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”, 如:The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.天黑后士兵不准离开营房。 [词条10] strength(Book 1) [点拨] strength n. 力量，力气, 意志力,指"内部固有的力量", 表示物质力量时, 着重"体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量, 如体力强度等"; 表示精神力量时, 指"持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等", 如:He hadn't enough strength of mind to refuse.The little boy hasn't the strength to lift that heavy box. [拓展]类似的词有power, force, energy它们都含"力"、"力量"的意思。 power 指 "身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管是表现出来的还是潜在的", 如:It's beyond his power. 这是他力所不及的。 也可指权力，能力。如：Do you know when he came into power ? force 指"运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力, 使人或物按要求方向运动", 如:He did it with a great force. 如：Young people usually have more energy than the old. [词条11] look forward to(Book 2) [点拨]look forward to 期盼,盼望 (to是prep.) devote oneself to献身于(to为介词) 常见动词短语中to为介词的有： belong to 属于 on the way to 在去某地的路上，离---不远了 look forward to 期盼,盼望 react to对…反应, 响应 pay attention to 注意,留心------ get down to 开始认真做------ be used to doing 习惯于做------ lead to 通向,导致------ contribute to 贡献,捐款，向------投稿 object to 反对------ refer to 指的是,涉及, 参考------ turn to 求助于, 转向，查询 stick to 坚持------ appeal to迎合， 对--- 有吸引力 the key to ------的关键 adjust (oneself) to适应------ ,调整 adapt (oneself) to 适应------ respond to对…反应, 响应, 对(药)有效 be linked to和…….有关系，和……有联系的 apply to 把…应用于 [词条12] pay off(Book 2) [点拨]pay off 在句中意为“成功，带来好处”。如：All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. [拓展] pay off 还可表示“ 偿清（欠款等）”。如：After ten years of hard work, they finally paid off all of their debts.而pay back 意为“偿还（借款等）”。如：When will you pay back the money you owed to the bank? pay for 意为“付款,受…的报应”。 如：I paid 20 dollars for the coat. [词条13] stare (Book 3) [点拨] stare vi. 凝视，盯着看stare at sb./ sth. It’s impolite to stare at people. [拓展] 区分：glance at, stare at, look at, glare at glance at 指用眼睛瞥或扫视. 如： He glanced at the person and walked away quickly. stare at 指由于好奇、无礼、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝望、盯着或瞪着看；look at 没有任何感情色彩，意思是“看着”. 如：Please look at your watch and tell me what time it is. glare at 指由于愤怒而瞪着或怒视。如： He glared at the boy angrily. [词条14] be linked to(Book 3) [点拨] be linked to 和…….有关系，和……有联系的The person in black is linked to the case. [拓展] 相关搭配： be related to /have sth. to do with 与……相关 Wealth is seldom related to /is seldom linked to happiness. [词条15]look up(Book 3) [点拨]look up在此表示“查阅字典” 。如： When you do reading , you don't always need to look up every new word in the dictionary. [拓展] refer to/turn to也都可以用来表示“查阅字典”，但用法不一样。refer to和turn to的宾语是“词典”，而look up的宾语是“要查的词”。它们的用法为：refer to the dictionary，turn to the dictionary，lookup．．．in the dictionary. refer to还可表示“参考，提到”。turn to还可表示“求助”。 In her talk, she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. Without someone to turn to for advice, making the most appropriate choice can be difficult. [词条16] trick sb. into doing sth. (Book 4) [点拨] trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事. 如：They tricked me into signing the contract. [拓展] 诱使某人做某事还可用cheat /fool / take in sb. into doing sth.来表示。 类似的动词persuade，argue ，reason 和force 都可以用于…sb. into doing 。如： He has persuaded his father into buying a computer for him. They tried to argue him into joining them. |
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