上海牛津高三（上）unit 5 语言点(译林牛津版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
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Words Respiratory adj.呼吸(作用)的respiratory organs呼吸器官 ventilationn.通风, 流通空气resite给...择新址 toxic adj.有毒的, 中毒的 strain n.过度的疲劳, 紧张vt.扭伤, 损伤
hygienic adj.卫生的；保健的；清洁的 install vt.安装, 安置, 使就职 genuine adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的 morale n.士气, 民心
1 predict vt.（常与that连用）预言；预测；预示
She predicted that he would marry a doctor.她预言他将娶一位医生。
predict rain for tomorrow预告明天有雨
2 introduction n.介绍, 传入, 初步, 导言, 绪论, 入门
a letter of introduction介绍信
I-to Radio《无线电入门》
3 inspect vt.检查；审查
He inspected the car before he bought it.他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下。
视察；调查
The government sent sb. to inspect our school.政府派人来视察我们学校。
4 hazard n.危险；冒险；公害
a hazard to health对健康有危害
There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。
vt.冒险； 使遭受危险
Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives.攀登岩石者有时要冒生命危险。
He hazarded all his money to save the business."他孤注一掷,拿出了所有的钱来挽救企业。"
冒昧地说，大胆地说You may hazard a guess.你可以来大胆猜一下
at all hazards不顾一切风险; 在任何情况下
at the hazard of拼着
at hazard胡乱地, 随便地; 瞎碰地; 侥幸地; 毫无计划地(=in hazard)在危险中, 受到威胁
make a hazard猜测; 碰碰运气
on the hazard在危险中; 受到威胁
run the hazard冒险 by hazard偶然, 碰运气
5 access n.进入；通道
There is no access to the street through that door.穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。
The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。
使用；接近easy of access易于接近
Students need access to books.学生需要使用书本。
Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以自由使用图书馆。
give access to接见; 准许出入
have [gain, get, obtain] access to得接近; 得会见; 得进入; 得使用
6 rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金
（常与from连用）付租金；租用
My father rents an office in the city.我父亲在城里租了间办公室。
"Is that your own computer, or do you rent it?""这电脑是你自己的,还是租来的?"
（常与out连用）出租，租出
rent a room to Mrs. Smith租一间房给史密斯太太
This apartment rents cheaply.这套公寓租价便宜。
（与at连用）以…出租
The apartment rents at $2000 a month.这个单元套房以每月2000美元出租。
for rent招租，出租（广告用语）
rent charge租费
7 via prep.经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin由北京经由天津去上海
通过；凭藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
8 complain vi.抱怨；埋怨；申诉；控诉；控告
【律】控诉； 抗议（of， about） 说自己有病（of）
The boy complained of a pain in his stomach.这孩子说他肚子痛。
They complained about the food.他们抱怨这糟糕的食物。
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather
他几乎马上就开始抱怨起天气来了。
Jean is always complaining about something.琼总是满腹牢骚。
vt.抱怨， 控诉［常与that从句连用］
They complained that the wages were too low.他们抱怨工资过低。
Complaint 年n.诉苦；控诉； 控告
make a complaint提出不满意见， 对...提出控告
If your neighbours are too noisy then you have cause for complaint."
如果你的邻居太喧哗,你就有理由投诉。"
9 seal vt.盖章，盖印，打印；封蜡；密封；加封条
We seal the back of envelopes.我们把信封的背面封上。
（与off连用）封；阻隔；封闭
（常与up连用）决定，确定
9 object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议 vt.提出...来反对
Tell me the names of the objects in this room.请告诉我这个房间里物品的名称。
vi.反对（某人或某事） (against, to)
I object to all this noise.我反对一切噪音。
However, others strongly object to developing private cars.
然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。
He stood up and objected in strong language.他站起来用强烈的语言表示反对。
vt.提出...作为反对的理由
It was objected that this severe measure might hurt people's feelings.
有人提出反对, 说这个严厉的措施可能伤害人们的感情。
attain one's object达到目的
achieve one's object达到目的
no object不在话下, 不成问题
10 expend vt.花费，使用（时间、心血等）
The enemy had expended all their ammunition.敌人的弹药已经消耗殆尽。
vi.[罕]花钱
He lived high and expended largely.他生活讲究, 花费很大。
Expense n.费用, 代价, 损失, 开支, 费钱之物
What are the expenses of moving house?搬家的花销是多少？
A motorcycle can be a great expense.买一辆摩托车可能要花很多钱。
spare no expense不惜代价
at sb.'s expense由某人付钱
11 purchase vt.购买
to purchase a house买一栋房子
（常与with连用）（以某种代价）换得；（经过努力）取得，赢得
purchase freedom with blood以血的代价赢得自由
n.买进, 购买；获得物, 所购物
He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books.他给他儿子一些钱买课本。
12 break n.破；破裂；破隙
a break in the clouds云朵间的一线青天
暂停；休息a coffee break饮咖啡的小憩
Let's have a break.让我们休息一会儿。
After a short break the play continued.休息片刻后,戏继续开演。
We've been doing experiments 24 hours without a break.我们的实验已连续不断地进行了二十四小时。
破晓at day-break破晓时
机会；运气Give him a break.给他一次机会。
13 maintain vt.保持；维持He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.因为他一直坚持失败主义的态度,所以失败了一次又一次。
赡养；供给He has worked hard to maintain his family.他努力工作来养家。
保养；维修The car has always been properly maintained.这汽车一直保养得很好。
主张；为…辩护The socioligist maintained that a demotic society would lower the nation's standards.这个社会学家认为平民社会会降低国家的素质。
maintain a highway保养公路
maintain one's family养家
maintain that the theory is wrong坚持说那理论是错误的
maintain oneself自立
14 expert adj.老练的, 内行的, 专门的（常与at, in连用）内行的
Kate's an expert in / at / on teaching small children.凯特是个幼儿教育专家。
n.（常与at, in连用）专家
an expert in cookery烹调方面的专家
be expert in ...在...方面是专家
15 stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音
vt.着重, 强调, 重读
"In fact, stress isn't a bad thing it is often supposed to be."
"事实上,压力并不像人们所认为的那样是一件坏事。"
to lay stress on sth.着重某事
I must stress that we haven't much time.我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。
The director stressed that point in particular.厂长特别强调了那一点。
lay [place, put] stress on把重点放在...上; 在...上用力
under [driven by] the stress of为...所迫; 为...所驱使; 处境紧张[困难]
16 dismiss vt.解雇；开除
He was dismissed from his job.他被解雇了。
If you're late again you'll be dismissed."你如果再次迟到,就将被解雇。"
解散；遣散to dismiss a class下课
Dismiss!解散! The chairman dismissed the meeting.主席宣布散会。
〈法〉驳回；对…不受理
to dismiss his appeal驳回他的上诉
dismiss sb. from his post 撤销某人的职务
be dismissed from the service 被免职; 被解雇
dismiss fear from one's mind 消除心里的恐惧
17 be in condition 身体很好［不适］
be out of condition 身体很好［不适］
be in good condition 完好无误
be in (a) condition (to do a thing) 能做， 有作...的条件
be in no condition to (身体状况)不适宜
.on condition that 条件是
on no condition 绝不要
Language
1 glance vi. 扫视, 匆匆一看 n. 一瞥, 眼光, 匆匆一看
at a glance(=at (the) first glance) 初[乍]一看就,
exchange glances 互相使眼色
give a glance at ... 对...匆匆一看, 一瞥
take a glance at ... 对...匆匆一
glance at 匆匆看一下
glance back 反射
glance down 朝下[上]一看
glance up 朝下[上]一看
glance over \through 粗略[随便]看一看; 浏览
glimpse v. 瞥见 catch a glimpse of sth. 瞥见
2 suppose vt. 想, 设想, 猜测; 认为, 以为
[和given, provided 通用]假定
[用于祈使语气]让, ...如何, ...怎么样
I suppose you are right. 我想你说得对。
Let's suppose (that) the news is true. 让我们假定这消息是真的。
S-your father saw you now, what would you say？
假设你父亲现在看到了你, 你该怎么说？
I should suppose him to be about twenty. 我猜他是二十岁左右。
S-we go for a walk. 我们去散散步吧
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想什么
应该；准；允许
We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期日踢足球。
be supposed to (do) 被期望或要求; 应该 (用于否定句中)不被许可
Let it be supposed that 假定...
suppose that 假定
supposing that 假定
3 go up 涨价；上涨 Prices have gone up again. 物价又上涨了。
兴建，建造 New buildings are going up everywhere. 到处都盖起新的大楼。
爆炸；烧毁 The gas tank was hit and went up in flames. 油库中弹起火被
go with同意 (= go along with);伴随；陪伴
Happiness doesn't always go with money.幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。
配合；调和This color does not go with that.这颜色和那颜色不调和。
go through经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
完成；做完;通过；批准
The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
go over视察；查看We went over the building.我们查看了这座大楼。
查阅You must go over the instructions of how it works before you use the micro-wave oven.在使用微波炉前要先看看它的使用说明。
复习Go over the lesson again.把功课再复习一遍。
go out出走，离开;公布;熄灭;过时，不流行
Have the notices gone out?布告公布出去了吗？
Short skirts went out some time ago.短裙不久以前才不流行了。
go in for参加（考试）；应试;酷爱；嗜好
His brother doesn't go in for sports.他弟弟没有参加运动的习惯。
Young people should never simply go in for material comforts.年青人永远也不应一味地追求物质享受。
go off爆炸；（爆竹、铃等）响;（食物等）变坏
The signal pistol went off with a bang.信号枪砰的一声响了。
This steak has gone off.这牛排坏了。
Integrative (P98)
Occupant n.占有者, 居住者 urbanise v.使都市化, 使文雅 pesticide n.杀虫剂 ventilation n.通风, 流通空气 outdated adj.过时的, 不流行的 respiratory[ ]a.呼吸的 inhale vt.吸入
1 aware adj. [用作表语]知道的; 意识到的
We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.
我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。
He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.
他好象没有意识到大家对他呼吁,态度冷淡。
The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the decision. 校长好象没有意识到这个决定竟会有这么多分歧。
【习惯用语】
be aware of 知道, 意识到
become aware of 发觉, 注意到
aware conscious sensible都含有“意识到的”意思。
aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”, 如:
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。
conscious 侧重“心理感知”, 如:
He is conscious of a sense of quilt. 他感到内疚。
sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)”, 如:
I was sensible of her solemn grief. 我知道她很悲哀。
2 therefore adv. 因此；所以
I was ill, and therefore could not come. 我病了，所以没能来。
He has broken his leg and therefore he can't walk. 他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。
We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
我们的钱不够,因此买不成这辆新车。
（用于推论）因而，因此 He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected.
他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。
3 quality n. 质量; 性质; 品质; 品位, 特点, 特性
a change in quality 质变
products of quality 优质产品
advise sb. in (the) quality of a friend 以朋友的身分劝告某人
One quality of wood is that it can burn. 木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。
in the quality of 以...的身分, 以...的资格
of good quality 上等的, 优质的
of poor quality 劣质的,
This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.
这种新型号质量非常好,而且也不贵。
qualities of leadership 领导才能
quantity n. -ties 量；数量
He ate a small quantity of rice. 他吃了少量的米饭。
Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上摆了大量食物。
a quantity of 一些
in (large) -ties 大量地; 大批地
4 alike adj. [常作表语]同样的, 相似的 adv.同样地, 相似地
He treats all customers alike.他对所有的顾客都是一视同仁。
These twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常相象。
5 manufacture vt.制造, 加工
n.制造, 制造业, 产品
Plastic is an important manufacture.塑料是种重要产品。
But to develop manufactures to the utmost, China must have new markets for her products.不过, 中国若极大地发展制造业就必须拥有销售其产品的新市场。
manufacture stories for television为电视剧乱编写故事
manufacture wool into cloth将绒线制成毛织品
6 risk n.冒险, 风险vt.冒...的风险[+v-ing]
They risked losing their jobs.他们冒着失去工作的风险。
By criticizing her boss, she risked losing her position.批评老板使她冒失去职位之险。
to risk failure冒失败之险
He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。
He was ready for any risks.他准备冒一切风险。
risk getting caught in a storm冒遭遇风暴之险
risk one's fortune [health, life]冒着财产[健康, 性命]风险
at risk在危险中
at all risks (=at any risk)无论冒什么危险; 无论如何
at the risk of (=at riskto)冒...之险; 不顾...之风险
run [take] a risk(s)冒险
run[take] the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
take no risks慎重行事
7 effective adj.有效的 [(+against/in)][+to-v]
Window screens are effective in keeping out mosquitoes.纱窗能有效地挡住蚊子。
(法律等)生效的,起作用的[Z]
A bill passed by congress becomes effective as soon as the President signs it.
国会通过的法案一经总统签署立即生效。
an effective method有效方法
The medicine is an effective cure for a headache.这种药治头痛有很好的疗效。
"After the government had taken some effective measures, prices began to level off."
"政府采取了一些有效措施后,物价开始稳定了。"
be effective on对...有效应, 对...起作用
become effective(法律 、决议、协定等)生效
be far from effective很不得力
efficient [ ]a.效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的[(+in)]
He is an efficient manager.他是一位办事效率高的经理。
(直接)生效的;有效的;收效大的
It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers.雇用未经严格训练的工人会妨碍工作效率。
8 means n.[用作单或复]方法, 手段; 工具;财力, 收入, 资产; 金钱, 财富
Are there any means of getting there?有什么方法可以到那里吗?
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行途径是乘飞机。
Have you the means to support a wife?你有钱养活妻子吗?
He is living beyond his means.他入不敷出。
by all means(表示同意)当然可以, 没问题;务必; 勿论如何; 不惜一切地; 千方百计地
by any means[口]用一切可能的方法或手段
by means of通过; 用; 借助于
by no means决不, 一点也不
9 ban n.禁止;禁令[C][(+on/against)]
The police lifted the ban against parking in this street.
警察取消了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。
We have put a ban on smoking.我们已禁止吸烟。
There is a ban on smoking.有一个禁烟令。
vt. 禁止,取缔
Swimming is banned in this lake.这个湖里不准游泳。
They threatened to ban the book.他们威胁要禁止该书。
8 carpet n.[C]地毯
The floor is covered with a carpet.地板上铺着地毯。
地毯状覆盖物A carpet of leaves covered the ground.
一层厚厚的落叶覆盖在地上。
vt.在...上铺地毯;把花草铺在...上[(+with)]
The stairs were carpeted.楼梯上铺着地毯。
【口】斥责The maid was carpeted for breaking the plates.
女佣因打碎盆子而受训斥。
9 emit vt.-tt-发出；发射；散发（光、热、气味等）
The tail exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle emitted poisonous smoke.
机动车的尾部排气管排出有毒的浓烟。
The chimney emitted thick smoke into the air.烟囱向空中散发出浓烟。
发表(意见等);发出声音
John emitted a few curses.约翰发出几声诅咒。
10 accumulate [ ]
vt.累积,积聚;积攒They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.他们开始累积大量的资料。
vi.积成堆;累积,聚积
Dust had accumulated during her absence.她不在时灰尘积了起来。
Dust quickly accumulates if we don't sweep our room.
我们如果不打扫房间, 灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。
11 vehicle[ ]n.[C]运载工具;车辆;飞行器;航天器
The launch vehicle lifts the satellite into orbit.运载火箭将人造卫星送入运行轨道。
传播媒介;工具,手段[(+for/of)]
Language is the vehicle of thought.语言是表达思想的工具。
12 exhaust[ ]
vt. 抽完,汲干;把...的内容抽空[(+from/of)]
用完,耗尽He had exhausted his supply of water.他已耗尽了全部供水。
使精疲力尽My father is completely exhausted.我父亲精疲力竭。
The marathon talks exhausted him completely.马拉松式的谈判使他精疲力竭。
详尽研究;详尽论述Her book on child-care exhausts the subject.
她那本关于儿童保育的书写得详尽透彻。
vi. 排出气体
The engine exhausts through the muffler.引擎通过消音器排气。
n. 排出;排气(或水等)[U]
Something has gone wrong with the car's exhaust system.汽车的排气系统出了故障。
排出的气[U]Effective measures have been taken to prevent exhaust pollution.业已采取有效措施以防止废气污染。
be exhausted by因...而疲劳
be exhausted with因...而疲劳
feel exhausted感到疲劳
翻译(unit 4)
1 她紧急刹车,避免了一场车祸。avoid
2 很可能他不会同意。（likely）
3 我装了一把新锁以保证自行车不致失窃。Ensure
4 学生们应该专心致志地学习。Apply
5 他不遵守诺言，没来看我。Promise
6 今年看来又是个丰收年。Promise
7他朋友身体不好已有好几年了。Suffere
8很明显这计划是不能实现的。evident

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