四、归纳概括题 此题分为两大类型：一类是要求考生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。这时要特别注意文章的第一句或最后一句，或者第一段。第一段往往是故事的梗概，表达了主题思想。另一类是概括文章的话题或议题，即高度概括文章所涉及的中心内容。话题往往可用很少几个词加以概括。困难的是有时为了行文需要，可能涉及数个话题。这时要注意分析比较，弄清哪是最重要的中心话题，哪是次要话题。 考题名师诠释 【例1】(2004全国Ⅰ) Tired of Working in Your Country？ With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience,we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages.We now have positions open in Osaka starting September/October 2004 for instructors of English,German,Spanish and French. •Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 3 students. •Accommodation(住宿),and other necessary documents(文件) will be ready before you leave. •Applicants will teach their first language only. •Excellent teacher training programs. If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply(申请) now.Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required.Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements. Apply with C.V. and send letters to: NOVA France,Mr Sampy(IHT3/2) 34,Bd.Haussmann,75009 Paris,France Fax:33148014804 Or visit our website:www.teadyp.com The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July. 56.What is the purpose of the text? A.To introduce a language school in Japan. B.To hire language teachers to work in Japan. C.To describe working conditions in Japan. D.To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers. 解析:本题为推理判断题。要求考生通过研究全文信息，来判断作者的写作意图。总观本文，可以看出这是一篇广告，目的是招聘外语教师到日本任教。 答案:B 57.We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will . A.teach English only in Osaka B.receive a degree from a university C.have free accommodation D.get trained for the job 解析:这是一道细节理解题。本题宜用排除法确定正确答案。由第一段末句可知，Osaka需要英语、德语、西班牙语和法语教师，故排除A项；根据第六段首句，应聘者须具有大学学位，故排除B项；文中只提到在受聘者动身赴任前将为其准备好住处和必要的文件等，但并未承诺免费提供住宿，故排除C项；据第五段可确定答案为D项。 答案:D 58.Before going to Japan,you need . A.to see the manager of NOVA France B.to take some computer courses C.to write a letter to Japan D.to find a place to live 解析:这是一道细节理解题。全文最后一句说明:公司经理要在巴黎亲自与入围的应聘者面谈。 答案:A 59.If you want to work in Japan you should . A.have some working experience B.know how to use computers C.present good teaching plans D.speak several languages 解析:这是一道细节理解题。本题宜用排除法确定正确答案。据“Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required.”(工作经验是一个优势但不作特别要求。)可排除A项；C项在文中找不到任何依据；据“Applicants will teach their first language only.”(申请者只须教自己的本族语。)可排除D项；据“...good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements.”(好的英语技能和实用电脑知识是基本要求。)可确定正确答案为B项。 答案:B 【例2】(2005全国Ⅲ) A Every year on my birthday,from the time I turned 12,a white gardenia was delivered to my house.No card came with it.Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all.After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper. But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be.Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender.My mother encouraged these imaginings.She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness.Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d delivered during the winter.As a girl,though,I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into. One month before my graduation,my father died.I felt so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance,and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not.But my mother,in her own sadness,would not let me miss any of those things.She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable.In truth,my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia—lovely,strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘). My mother died ten days after I was married.I was 22.That was the year the gardenia stopped coming. 41.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.A Childhood Dream. B.A Mother’s Love. C.A Graduation Party. D.A Special Birthday. 解析:本题为归纳概括题。全文介绍了作者的妈妈20多年来对女儿的深情的关爱，尤其是自从女儿12岁起，每逢其生日便暗暗寄送一朵白色的栀子花，直至自己生命结束，并借此培养、强化女儿乐于助人的优良品质，增强其自信与自尊。当沉浸在丧夫之痛中，这位妈妈却尽力安慰女儿，让其参加毕业舞会并为其购买新装……伟大的母爱感人至深！ A Childhood Dream，A Graduation Party及A Special Birthday都只涉及个别细节，用作标题欠妥。 答案:B 42.The mother insisted that her daughter go to the graduation dance because &n
