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考情动态分析 前几年主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近两年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，且多以考查主语从句的引导词为主。近几年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例。 考点核心整合 一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表词从句和同位语从句。 Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.(主语从句) I don’t know what he means.(宾语从句) I’m glad that you are here.(宾语从句用在形容词之后) The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.(介词宾语从句) That was because he was ill.(表语从句) The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.(同位语从句) 二、引导名词性从句的连接词(见下表) 连接词 词义 功能 that 无词义 不作成分，只起连接作用 whether/if 是否 不作成分，只起连接作用 what，which 什么，哪个 作主语、宾语、表语 who，whom，whose 谁，谁的 作主语、宾语、定语 when，where，how，why 什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么 作状语 how many/much 多少 作定语 how soon/often/long/much 多久，多久一次，多长，多么 作状语 ... …… 词义及功能同疑问词 whatever=anything that 无论什么 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 whoever=anyone who 无论谁 作主语 whomever=anyone whom 无论谁 作宾语 whosever=anyone whose 无论谁的 作定语 whichever=any one that 无论哪个 作宾语、定语、主语、表语 (一)that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后，有时用it作形宾语。 I could say nothing but that I’m sorry. You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.请放心，所有的货物都会准时交付。 (二)that引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略。 That the earth is round is true. The fact that he is a thief got around. The problem is that they can’t get here early enough. The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. 注意：下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略： He said(that)he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home. (三)whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。 1.在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。 I don’t know whether or not he can stay here longer. 我不知道他能否在这儿多待点时间。 2.如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。
He asked me if I wasn’t going there. 3.介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。 I’m not interested in whether he is rich. 4.引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether。 The question is whether you can do it yourself. The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 5.用it作形主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。 It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present. (四)注意what/whatever;who/whoever;which/whichever的区别。 试比较下列句子： Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert signs your name here.参加音乐会的人请在这儿签名。 Who will go to the concert isnt known.=Its unknown who will go to the concert.还不知道谁去参加音乐会。 He won’t believe whatever(anything that) she says.=No matter what she says，he won’t believe her.无论她说什么，他都不相信。 Whichever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want，it is yours.无论你要哪个玩具，都会给你。 (五)当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用whether/if引导；表示有把握时用that引导。 I doubt whether/if he can win the match. I don’t doubt that he can win the match. (六)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当句子成分。 What you said yesterday is right.你昨天所说的是对的。 That she is still alive is a fact.她还活着确为事实。 Idleness is the key of beggary and the root of all evil.懒惰是赤贫之道，也是万恶之源。 三、使用名词性从句应注意的情况 (一)it作形主语或形宾语是为了平衡句子，避免头重脚轻或头轻脚重的现象，常用“it”作形主语或形宾语，把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放在句子后面。 It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone. It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date. It doesn’t matter when you arrive—just come when you can. 用it作形主语的结构： 1.it is+名词+从句 It is a fact that...事实是…… It is common knowledge that...……是常识。 2.it is+形容词+从句 It is strange that...奇怪的是…… 3.it+不及物动词+从句 It seems that...似乎…… It happened that...碰巧…… 4.it+过去分词+从句 It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证实…… 5.句中it指某种情况 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. (二)名词性从句的语序 名词性从句的语序为：连词(+被修饰语)+主语+谓语。 When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question. Can you tell me what size shoes you wear? (三)名词性从句与主句的时态呼应 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的时态不受主句的限制，但宾语从句的时态一般要受主句的限制。主句是现在时态时，从句时态根据情况而定；主句是过去时态时，从句须用与过去有关的时态，除非宾语从句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。 He told us that he had been married for 10 years. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.(真理) The teacher told us that failure is the mother of success.(谚语) suggest/insist/decide/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order/direct等表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令、指导的词后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即(should) do形。 当it作形主语或形宾语，表语或宾语的补语是表示上述意义的词时，主语从句或宾语从句用虚拟语气，形同上。常用结构如下： It is important/necessary/strange/natural/a wonder/suggested that...或I find/think it impor- tant/natural/strange...that... It is important that you(should)come here soon. I find it necessary that everyone(should)be here on time. (四)宾语从句的否定前移及疑问代词、疑问副词的前移 若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，且主语为第一人称，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定。 I don’t think this dress fits you well. 当以上动词后面接含有疑问代词、疑问副词的宾语从句时，疑问词应位于句首。 Who do you think is good at English? Where do you suppose the accident happened? 注意：一定要保证宾语从句的陈述语气。 (五)同位语从句与定语从句的区别 有些名词如news，information，belief，question，fact，order，hope，thought，doubt，answer，idea等后既可以跟定语从句又可以跟同位语从句。这些词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时，可省略that;that引导同位语从句表明其先行词的实际内容，that不作成分，一般不省略。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.(同位语从句) The idea(that)he thought of is quite good.(定语从句) (六)表语从句是指在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的that常不可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that...和It is because...等结构。 The question is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time. This is why we can’t get the support of the people. But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. 考题名师诠释 【例1】(2006山东,23)Engines are to machines hearts are to minds. A.as B.that C.what D.which 解析:本题考查固定结构：A is/are to B what C is/are to D.A对B来说，正如C对D来说一样。如果把这一句型进行分解，则为：A is/are something/the thing that C is to D to B.我们可以看出：what=something that它既作A is的表语(something),又作C is的表语(that),that引导定语从句修饰先行词something/the thing。 答案:C 链接•思考 从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，在平时的阅读中，碰到从句时，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。在平时的学习中，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。 【例2】(2006全国Ⅰ，33)Please remind me he said he was going,I may be in time to see him off. A.where B.when C.how D.what 解析:本题考查动词“remind sb.+宾语”结构。有些考生可能会误选D.what，把其当作he said的宾语。本空应选一词来修饰he was going，如选A.where表地点，意为：他要去哪儿；如选C
