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考情动态分析 近十年来,状语从句一直是高考考查的热点。其中在2004、2005及2006年全国卷及地方卷的高考试题中,以单项填空的形来检测状语从句的一卷多达二三道题。由此可见,对状语从句的考查在将来的高考中仍是重头戏。因此,在平常的学习中,理解、区分、掌握引导状语从句的关联词,搞清主从句的语意及逻辑关系,是做好状语从句题的关键所在。 考点核心整合 在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句,也叫副词性从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方等。 状语从句连词一览表: 状语从句名称 连词 时间 when,as,while,as soon as,hardly...when,no sooner...than,whenever,scarcely...when,since,before,after,till,until,the moment=the minute=the second=the instant=immediately=directly,by the time,every time,each time,as long as=so long as,once,instantly=directly... 地点 where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 条件 if,unless,only if,providing=provided(that),in case(that),in the event(that),so long as=as long as,on condition that=on the understanding that,as far as=so far as,once,supposing... 原因 because,since,now that,as,as long as=so long as,seeing that,considering that 结果 such(a,an)...that,so...that,so,so that,that... 目的 so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest... 让步 though,although,as,even if=even though,whatever,whenever,wherever,however,whichever,whoever,whomever,no matter what/when/where/ how/which/who/whom, whether or not=whether...or not,while 比较 as...as,not as/so...as,more...than,less...than 方式 as,just as,as if=as though 一、时间状语从句 (一)掌握before,until,since的词义及相关句型。 He had left before I knew. I would die before I give in. It won’t be long before he comes. He didn’t come until I called him. Not until I called him did he come. It is three years Since the war broke out. (二)every time,each time 可作连词,引导状语从句,表“每当……”。 Every time you come across a new word,don’t look it up. (三)时间名词短语:the moment,the instant,the second,the minute都可作连词用,引导状语从句,意思是as soon as。 The moment I heard the voice,I know father was coming. (四)由scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner...than,immediately,directly,once引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作一瞬间之前。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
二、原因状语从句 由because,as,since或复合连接词now that,in that等引导。(注意:for是连词,虽然也可以表示“因为”,但其后所接的是并列句中的一个独立句,而非从句,起解释说明作用。) 三、条件状语从句 由if,as(so) long as和unless引导。 条件状语从句分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当从句所表达的是有可能实现的用真实条件句;如果从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时,用虚拟条件句。 注意:在真实条件下,从句动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 四、目的状语从句 由so that,in order that,in case等引导。 注意:这类从句中常常用情态动词may/might,can/could,should等,以保证语气通顺自然。 五、结果状语从句 由so that,so...that,such...that等引导。 注意:so...that与such...that的区别在于:so修饰的是形容词或副词,而such修饰的是名词或名词短语。 六、让步状语从句 由though,although,even if,even though,however,no matter how/what/who等引导。对让步状态从句的掌握要注意以下几点内容: (一)使用though,although时,务必避免与but连用。 (二)even if,even though和as if,as though不同,后者常常要求使用虚拟语气。 七、比较状语从句 由than,the more...the more...,as...as引导。比较状语从句中,than可以直接跟谓语动词。这类从句一般用来表示程度或范围。 八、方状语从句 由in the same way,as,as if,as though等引导。 考题名师诠释 【例1】(2006辽宁,24)He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears. A.why B.where C.when D.while 解析:本题句意为:他吃饭吃到一半的时候突然听到一个熟悉的声音。When表示“突然,这时”,另如:I was about to go out when the phone rang.A项why表示原因,B项where表示地点,D项while表示“在……期间”,其后要跟持续性动作。 答案:C 链接•思考 判断从句引导词必须立足上下文逻辑关系确定主从句间的语意关系,选择合适的连词,要注意连词的用法及区别。 【例2】(2006全国Ⅰ,28) he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker has a lot of experience. A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although 解析:本题意在考查考生对让步状语从句的掌握情况。A项Since表原因,“由于,既然”,如选A项可改为:Sine he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker has to be removed.B项Unless表条件,“除非,要不然,”如选B项可改为:Unless he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker wont be laid off.C项As亦表原因,同 A项。D项Although常引导让步状语,表“尽管,虽然,”本题句意为:尽管他技术方面的知识有限,但却有丰富的工作经验。 答案:D 【例3】(2006广东,26)Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photo she shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. A.as B.if C.when D.where 解析:本题目的要考查连词在具体语境中的灵活应用。A项 as表时间或原因;B项 if表条件;C项when表时间或让步;D项 where引导地点状语。从两句话的语意:“詹尼丢了在加拿大拍的照片很难过,”“这是她尤其珍贵的记忆,”可以看出,后面应为原因状语。 答案:A 链接•思考 灵活运用英语表达方,学会并操练一个句子的多种表达方法,由浅入深,由易到难,逐步掌握复杂的表达方法。理清句子间的语意及逻辑关系,全面掌握连词的词义及用法,是做好状语从句题目的最佳方法。 【例4】(2006北京,34)He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail. A.and B.for C.but D.or 解析:A项and常作并列连词,表并列或结果,如:He kept reading for a long time,and his eyesight was beginning to fail.B项for为并列连词,起解释说明作用,常位于句中;C项 but表转折,如:He found it increasingly difficult to read,but he wouldnt give up.D项or作连词,常表示“要不然,否则,”如:He found it increasingly difficult to read,or he would have finished the book.本题干语意为:他发现阅读越来越困难,因为他的视力越来越差。 答案:B