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考情动态分析 1993~2003年,全国试卷中,只有1995年考查了倒装句。2004、2005及2006年全国卷及地方卷中,此项考查题比以往有所增加。上海高考试题对倒装和省略经常进行考查,由于表达的需要,多了解和掌握一些不同的表达方法也是很有必要的。2006年高考试卷对倒装的考查主要集中在:否定、半否定词位于句首要倒装;only后跟状语位于句首倒装;so位于句首跟形容词、副词表强调时倒装;neither,so用于上下文中的倒装,表“某人也不……”“某人也”。在新“英语课程标准”中,倒装和省略已列为八级所掌握的语法项目,相信在今后的高考中,倒装和省略在高考中的分量将会有所增加。 考点核心整合 一、倒装 英语中为了表达和结构的需要,会用到谓语动词放在主语之前的结构,即倒装。全部谓语置于主语前叫全部倒装,只把助动词或情态动词置于主语前叫部分倒装。 (一)here,there,up,down,in,out,away等表处所、方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时,若句子的主语为名词,句子需全部倒装;若主语为代词则部分倒装。 Out rushed the boy.(全部倒装) Away he went.(部分倒装) On the ground lay an old sick goat.(全部倒装) (二)含有否定含义的词,如hardly,scarcely,rarely,never,little,seldom,neither,nor,not only,not until,no sooner等位于句首时,句子部分倒装。 Little did he know who the woman was.Never shall I do this again. (三)so,such位于句首,后带表语或状语时表强调,其后所接的主句部分倒装。 So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. (四)so,neither,nor位于句首,表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时,句子要部分倒装。 Li Wei cant answer the question.Neither can I. 有时so引出的句子只是单纯重复前句的内容表示肯定时,句子不倒装。 —It was cold yesterday. —So it was. (五)only后接状语放在句首表强调时,句子部分倒装。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. (六)though,as引导让步状语从句时,常将表语、状语等谓置于句首。 Young as he is,he knows more than you. (七)表示频率的副词often位于句首表强调时,句子可部分倒装。 Often have I told them not to go swimming in that lake. (八)非真实条件句的倒装。即在虚拟语气的条件句中,可省略连词时,把助动词或系动词提前。 Were I you.Had I known that earlier. 二、省略 省略和替代是一种避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义,能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中,它是一种普遍的现象,因为它有助于语言的简洁。 (一)可省略主语和谓语 A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了I’ll say...) Though tired,he was not disheartened.他虽然累了,但没有泄气。(省略了he was..) Got a light?有火吗?(句首省略了Have you...)
(二)可省去从句 You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before) Oh,that reminds me.噢,这使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that从句,其内容由具体情况而定) (三)可用不定to省去前面提到的谓语动词 Jack didn’t pass the math test,but he still hopes to.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过数学考试,但他仍希望能通过。 (四)可用so,not省略前面提到的事,表肯定与否定。 —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗? —I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。 (即I don’t believe it’s going to rain) (五)根据不同语境可省略不同成分 what if,only if,if only,what so ever,what for,in case 考题名师诠释 【例1】(2006福建,30) homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. A.So much B.Too much C.Too little D.So little 解析:根据句意首先排除C项Too little和 D项So little。本题考查考生对so...that倒装结构的掌握情况。在英语表达中,有时为了强调,常把要强调的部分放于句首,用 so来修饰,引起局部倒装,如:So fast does light travel that few people can imagine it.如要选择B项,可改为:Too much homework did we have to do to have time to take a rest. 答案:A 【例2】(2006福建,34)—It’s burning hot today,isn’t it? —Yes. yesterday. A.So was it B.So it was C.So it is D.So is it 解析:本题句意为:“今天天气炽热,不是吗?”“是的,昨天也是。”A项 So was it和D项So is it为倒装结构,表“……也是这样/如此,”如:—He is a student,isn’t he?—Yes.So was I five years ago.而B项 So it was和 C项So it is为强调结构,表“确实如此,正是这样”,如:—The question is too hard to work out.—Yes.So it is.如选B项 So it was可改为:—It was burning hot yesterday,wasn’t it?—Yes,so it was;如选C项 So it is可改为:—It’s burning hot today,isn’t it?—Yes,so it is;如选D项So is it可改为:—It was burning hot yesterday,wasn’t it?—Yes,so is today. 答案:A 【例3】(2006湖北,31) fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be 解析:本题句意为:如果你被解雇了,你的保健及其他福利不会马上停止。在条件状语从句中,有时可省略连词if而把 should放在句首引导半倒装结构,即:should+主语+动词原形。如:Should it rain tomorrow,we will have to put off the sports meet.本题干还可转换为:If you are fired,your health care... 答案:B 【例4】(2006重庆,24)I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means with my progress. A.the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C.the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied 解析:当by no means放在句首时,句子要采用半倒装的形,其含义为“一点都不,无论如何都不,绝不”,本句含义为:我已经很努力地试图提高我的英语了,但是老师对我的进步一点都不满意。B项符合语法形,但是含义不通。 答案:D