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考情动态分析 五种简单句型是英语表达的基础，理解并熟练运用这些句型是用好英语的关键。在全国卷及地方卷单项填空中每年都以灵活多变的形出现。根据英语语言特点，简单句的考查今后仍是热点，其中祈使句+and/or+主句及反意疑问句是考查的重点。相比较而言，主谓一致趋变冷点。近十年来，只有1996、1998年及2005年山东卷以单项填空形考查，在2006年高考试题中，又增加了对祈使句的考查。但是在短文改错和书面表达等题型中，对其显性、隐性的考查仍会有所表现，所以对其仍不可忽视。 考点核心整合 一、简单句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中陈述句中的否定、疑问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点，应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。 (一)陈述句 陈述句包括肯定和否定两种(肯定暂略)。注意以下有关否定结构的问题： 1.部分否定 Not both of them want to go. =Both of them don’t want to go. 并非他俩都想去。 All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。 2.全否定 None of these answers are/is correct. 这些答案没有一个是正确的。 3.否定转移 I don’t think I know you. We don’t believe that he can do that. 4.省略否定 —Is Xiao Ming coming? —I don’t suppose so./I suppose not./I suppose so. hope和be afraid的肯定和否定答语分别为：I hope so./I hope not.及I’m afraid so./I’m afraid not. 5.祈使句+and/or+句子 Use your head,and you will find a way out. Put your books away,or youll get punished. (二)疑问句 疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。现主要介绍反意疑问句和特殊疑问句。 1.形：句子+简短的疑问句 (1)前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般来说，以主句为准；但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形依主句而定。 (2)前面句子含有must，can’t，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。 (3)句子是Let’s...时，后面用shall/shan’t we;前面部分是Let us...时，后面用will/won’t you。 (4)当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时，疑问部分用复数形。 Everyone is here，aren’t they? 2.否定、肯定形： (1)一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形相反；但当句子前有Oh，Ah，So等语气词时，前后两部分的否定、肯定形相同。 (2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形。 Such things ought not to be allowed，ought they? They have nothing to do，do/have they?
He seldom comes late，does he? This is not allowed by law，is it? —You haven’t been long here,have you? —No,I have’t.I’m new here. I don’t believe she knows it，does she? You don’t think he can finish the work by himself，do you? What cool weather，isn’t it? Have a cup of tea，will you? (3)特殊疑问句 ①强调句型的特殊疑问句 When was it that you called me yesterday? Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? ②双重疑问句的形 When do you suppose he might home? Where do you guess Mary has gone? (三)祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱等。祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有称呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定一般是前面加Dont。 在“祈使句+and/and then/or/other wise+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词+and/or/and then+句子”；有时可用名词短语。 Always have courage like that and you will make your mark. Get up early tomorrow，or youll miss the first bus. A little more courage and you will overcame it. Another sound from me,and the snake might strike at me. (四)感叹句 how修饰形容词、副词或动词构成感叹句。 How beautiful the flower is! How fluently she speaks English! How the wind blows! what修饰可数名词的单数形、复数形或不可数名词或名词短语构成感叹句。 What fun! What fine weather! What great progress! What a lovely girl she is! What beautiful flowers! 二、主谓一致 (一)集体名词 1.family，class，team，group，army，government，public等集体名词作主语，指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时，则用复数。 2.由people，police，cattle，youth等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 My family isn’t large. My family are all interested in collecting stamps. (二)以s结尾，但表示单数概念的名词，如： means方法，works著作。 注意：means，works可以表示复数概念，主要取决于各句子意思。谓语动词用单数，表示单数概念，谓语动词用复数，表示复数概念。 Every means has been tried. All possible means have been tried. (三)只有复数的名词 clothes，trousers，pants，shoes，glasses，scissors，goods此类只有复数形的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，但用a pair of等短语修饰trousers，shoes，glasses等词时，用单数形。 Your glasses are on your nose. My pair of blue trousers is too short. (四)由and连接的词 1.and有时连接两个单数名词，指同一个人或物，名词前用一个冠词修饰，谓语动词用单数。指两个不同的人或物时，则要用两个冠词，谓语动词用复数。 The professor and writer is coming here this afternoon. The professor and the writer are coming here this afternoon. 2.在each，every，no后由and连接两个名词时，谓语动词用单数。many a+单数名词表示复数概念，但谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl is taken good care of in the nursing center. Many a worker has succeeded in the experiment. (五)在there be结构中，谓语动词一般应与最近的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 There is a nurse and two patients in the hospital. (六)书刊名、专有名词、时间、距离、重量、衡量、度量、价值等名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Roots was a book about a slave family. The New York Times sells well in the USA. The United States lies in the south of North America. (七)一些名词化的形容词前加the，泛指某一类人或物。指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词用单数。 The old need taking good care of. The beauty is hers. (八)主语+介词(短语)+名词或名词短语 主语+together with(as well as，no less than，rather than，but，except，along with，like besides，as much as，more than...)，谓语动词随主语而定。 The teacher as well as his students was late for the meeting. Nobody but your parents knows about it. (九)临近原则 由either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but，or连接两个主语时，谓语动词与临近的主语一致。 Either you or he has to answer for it. (十)动名词、不定、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 When he will come is not known. (十一)由every，any，some，no构成的复合词，如：everyone，everything，something，anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everyone has his/her own hobby. (十二)在算术里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用单数形。 (十三)主语是a lot of，lots of，plenty of，百分比+of+名词时，谓语动词的形须依照名词的数而确定。 (十四)主语是kind of，type of，pair of，variety of，amount of，mass of，quantity of+名词时，谓语动词的形须依照kind，amount，pair，quantity的数来确定。 (十五)主语是the number of+名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形。主语是a number of+名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形。 (十六)主语是a/the population时，谓语动词用单数形。主语是分数、百分数+of+population时，谓语动词用复数形。 (十七)在以what从句作主语的主系表结构中，如果表语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。 (十八)在强调句型“It+be+被强调的部分+that/who...”中，be总是用单数形；that/who后的谓语动词的形必须跟被动强调的主语保持一致。 (十九)定语从句中谓语动词的形一般跟先行词的单复数形保持一致。 注意：在“one of+名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数形，但当one前面有the，the very，the right，the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形。 (二十)在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是什么，be动词总是为were的形。 考题名师诠释 【例1】(2006全国Ⅰ,35)Mary, here—everybody else,stay where you are. A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming 解析:本题考查祈使句的用法，即：动词原形+(宾语)+其他，如：Listen to me carefully,please.另如：Tom,close the window,will you?所以只能选择A项。 答案:A 【例2】(2006全国Ⅱ,7)We forgot to bring our ticket,but please let us enter, ? A.do you B.can we C.will you D.shall we 解析:本题考查特殊句型反意疑问句的用法，注意：let’s与let us的区别。如果本题改成Let’s enter the room，其反意疑问句则应为：shall we? 答案:C 链接•思考 对于一些常用结构，要在平时有意去应用，逐步培养学生的语言应用能力。 【例3】(2006重庆,27) and I’ll get the work finished. A.Have one more hour B.One more hour C.Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 解析:本题考查固定句型：祈使句+连词(and/or)+主句。有时祈使句可以用名词短语代替，此处One more hour=Give me one more hour,本结构还可转换为：If I’m given one more hour,I’ll get the work finishe
