试题预览
【考点透视】 在近年高考英语试题中，单项填空部分直接涉及到主谓一致的内容不是十分频繁，但是这并不是说主谓一致不重要，一方面在试题的其他方面有一定程度的体现，另一方面说明在今后的单选命题中考查主谓一致的几率更高。有关主谓一致的考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。 主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明： （一）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，谓语常用单数。如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. （二）不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数。如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future. （三）不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 （四）从句作主语时： 1．what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。 What we need is more time. / What we need are more teachers. 2．在“one of + 复数名词 + who / that”引导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有the only等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。如： This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting. This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. （五）以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。如： Walking and riding are good exercises. 但在以下几种情况中用单数： 1．当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. 2．当被连接的两个单数名词表示的是一副用具时。 A knife and fork is on the table. （六）有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数： 1．表示学科名称的名词→单数； 2．国家或团体名称→单数； 3．the Olympic Games→复数； 4．当复数同形的名词，如：means，works等。 Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried. （七）集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数： 1．police，people等名词→复数； 2．clothing，equipment，furniture等名词→单数； 3．family，class，public，population等名词表示个体时→单数；表示单位成员时→复数； （八）all，most，half，the rest等不定代词作主语时，视其所代的名词或意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。
（九）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量词 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如： A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： Large quantities of food / books are on the table. （十）a kind of／kinds of作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，type也是这样。如： This kind of men is dangerous. / Men of this are dangerous. （十一）分数或百分数 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。 （十二）more than one ...，many a ...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Many a student has read the book. （十三）or，either ... or ...，neither ... nor ...，not only ... but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语一致。 （十四）主语后面跟有like，as well as / with/ along with/ together with，except/ but / rather than， including/ besides/ in addition to等词组时，谓语根据主语而定。如： The teacher together with his students was excited. 【题例精析】 【例1】— Mike, what did our monitor say just now? — Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _______ to visit the museum _______ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. （2007南京一中卷） A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构，把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。 【要点精析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句，句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers，为复数，故谓语动词该用are；as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定；由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 【答案】D 【例2】 What the remote areas need _____ education to children and what the children need _____ good textbooks at the moment. （2007山东枣庄3月交流卷） A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was 【易错点悟】解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。 【要点精析】一般情况下，what引导主语从句，常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在，用一般现在时态。 【答案】A 【专项检测】 1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table? A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is 2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. “All ______ present and all ________ going on well,” our monitor said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable. A. has been B. are C. have been D. is 7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly. A. should be B. is C. are D. have been 8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance. A. are; has been B. is; have been C. is; are D. are; was 9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was 10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______. A. have; them B. has; him C. have; him D. has; them 11. My friend and classmate Paul ________ horse-riding in his spare time. A. practice B. practices C. is practiced. D. is practicing 12. People like beautiful things, but the beautiful________ not always the useful. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. ―Are you very anxious? ―Yes. Ten minutes ________ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call. A. seem B. seems
