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掌握用法 分析结构 破解定语从句 2007.9.11 定语从句是高中学生都感到难学的一个知识点，同时它又是高考的一个考点，一个热点。定语从句在英语中使用非常广泛。我们平时阅读英语文章时经常碰到定语从句，不少学生由于没有掌握定语从句的构成和用法以致在阅读文章时不知所云，难以透彻地理解文意和具体的语境。从而失去不该失的分数。如何去破解定语从句呢？这是一直困扰我们学生的问题。 【考题回顾】 1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题) A. who B .that C .what D. which 2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained. (05年高考江西卷第25题) A. in that B. for that C .in which D. for which 4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? ---Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05年高考福建卷第35题) A. that B. which C. where D. what 5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 6.Last month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05年高考天津卷第13题) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (05年高考上海卷第40题) A .that B. which C. when D. where 8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题)
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (05年高考辽宁卷第28题) A. which B. when C. where D. that 10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题) A. the way B .in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
作用 关 系 词 连接 作用 替代先行词 在从句中充当某一成分 关 系 代 词 who √ 人 主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语） whom √ 人 宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词） whose √ 人/ 物 定语（可用of + which取代） which √ 物 / 句子 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 that √ 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 as √ 人/物/句子 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 关 系 副 词 when √ 时间名词 时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代） where √ 地点名词 地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代） why √ the reason 原因状语（可用“for + which”取代） 2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和reason时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？ 在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。 请比较下面的句子，看看你能否作出正确的选择。试一试吧，你能行的！ ①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago. A. when B. on which C. that D. for which ②Days, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city. A. where B .x C. which D. to which ③Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence? A. why B. that C. x D. for which ④The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat. A. since B. that C. where D. when ⑤This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D .there 3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。 “介词+which”前一定有一个时间、地点名词；而“介词+what”前往往无时间、地点名词。 请量体裁衣，好吗？大胆一点，你会成为一名高级缝纫师的！ 1、He lives in _____is called Da Quangou. 2.Do you know the place in ____he used to live? 3.Is there a hospital around ____I can buy some medicine for cough? 4.Do you know the hospital around ____stand a lot of buildings? 5.He is still working ____he has worked for ten years. A. where B. what C. that D. which 4、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法既有相同之处，也存不同之点。具体情况是： （1）as和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married the girl, as / which was natural. （2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于as is known, as sb. can know, as sb. know, as is well known, as it is, as is said above 等句型中。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. （3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用which.如： He came late this morning, which made the teacher very angry. （4）当先行词由such, the same修饰时，关系词常用as。如： This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别 （1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。 The plane that has just taken off is for Beijing. （定语从句） The fact that he has already died is quite clear（同位语从句） （2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由where, how, when, who, whether, what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.（定语从句） The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语从句） I have no idea when he will come back. （同位语从句） 6、定语从句与强调句型之区别 关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉it is (was) …that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。 It
