在听力测试中,有好多同学精神紧张,大脑一片空白,即使录音放完也没听清大概内容是什么。因此考前的心理准备是必需的。考生应该抱着平常的心态,排除杂念,调整心率,心平气和,放松心情,泰然处之。听力测试的每段对话的考点都会集中在一些主要信息和重要细节上。考生应利用开始听试题前的几秒钟时间扫视或快速浏览试卷上的问题以及选项,从而确定是考查事件细节、地点、时间、数字、职业、身份关系,还是考查标题、中心思想等并推测听力材料的可能意向。做到事先有思想准备,再有的放矢地去听,这样听录音时就可以集中主要精力去捕捉有效信息。 2.掌握特点,捕捉信息 一般来说,英语听力测试主要考查获取事实性具体信息的能力,这些试题大多以when、where、 who、what、why、how等疑问词的形式出现,该部分主要包括某事件的细节、数字与计算、地点与方向、身份与职业、计划与打算等。这些细节的考虑往往以简短对话的形式出现(尤其在第一节听力中),即两人之间用“一问一答式”一两个轮回。由于这类对话长度短,往往只放一遍,这就要求考生在解题时,应特别注意倾听第二个人的答话或问话,以便从中捕捉到答题所需要的信息。 例如:(2007•湖北–Text 5) W:Excuse me,sir. I’m collecting for International Aid. Could you spare some money? M:Erm… what’s International Aid? W:It’s an organization to help starving children in Africa. M:OK. I’ll see what I’ve got. W:Thank you very much. 5.What is the woman doing? A.Helping children with AIDS. B.Raising money for African children. C.Collecting information on African children. 解析:根据I’m collecting for International Aid,—an organization to help starving children in Africa选B项。 3.注意特殊句型,把握关键词 在人们的日常生活中,有相当一部分词是用来表示开头、结尾、过渡,传递说话人的心理态度、指示、概括、总结、逻辑顺序、因果关系的信号词,这些词很大程度上为听者的预测指明方向。考生还要注意转折和让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换。考生要学会把握说话者的真正意图,表转折的常见词有“but”,一般来说,听者尤其要注意but后句子的意思,这是整句的主要部分。其他表转折和让步意义的词还有though、although、even though、even if、in spite of、despite、unless、instead of, however等。在掌握特殊句型的同时,要正确判断说话者对事件或某人的态度是同意还是拒绝、部分肯定还是全部否定以及表达态度的程度。此外要注意一些表否定意义的关键词和词组,如:little、few、 doubt、seldom、hardly、too…to等。另外考生应该了解虚拟语气表示与事实相反的含义,掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用对理解听力材料很有帮助。 例如:(2007•湖南–Text 9) W:Oh,I finished my report finally. How about your paper? M:Done. But I’m waiting for an important call. By the way,are you going to the café? Can you bring me something to eat? W:Sure,what would you like? M:Erm… I think I’ll have a chicken sandwich. W:OK. A chicken sandwich. Anything else? M:Soup would be good. Yes,bring me tomato soup and a salad and a chicken sandwich. W:Fine. Tomato soup,salad and a chicken sandwich. A piece of pie for dessert? M:No,but you know I love cakes most. Bring me three cakes and some cookies too. W:Cakes and cookies? M:Right. That’s too much. Forget cookies,just bring me the cakes. And a glass of milk and some coffee and … W:Still more? Why don’t I just bring back the whole café? 14.Why does the man ask the woman for help? A.He has to read a report. B.He has to write a paper. C.He has to wait for a call. 15.What does the man ask the woman to do? A.Buy some food. B.Make tomato soup. C.Bring back the café. 16.What does the woman think of the man? A.Lazy. B.Greedy. C.Curious. 解析:14.根据But I’m waiting for an important call选C项。 15.根据Can you bring me something to eat?选A项。 16.根据男士让女士帮忙买很多吃的和饮料,女士开玩笑说,Why don’t I just bring back the whole café.表示男士贪吃,选B项。 4.听清主题句,把握短文中心 短文或独白的主题句往往出现在文章的句首,偶尔也出现在句中或句末。主题句是一篇短文的中心,包含着该题的议题和中心思想,文章中其他内容都用来说明主题句。因此,根据主题句往往就可以预测整段的内容。如考生从问题和选项中已看出该题测试点为主旨要义、标题、中心思想及作者观点等方面时,那么听清主题句尤为必要了。 例如:(2007•天津–Text 10) I’m sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks are very important in our life. But watches and clocks were seldom seen in the United States before the 1850s. In the late 1700s,people did not know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the square of European towns were built for the public. After all,most people didn’t have enough money to buy their own watches or clocks. Well,until the 1800s in Europe and the United States,the main purpose of a watch was to show others how wealthy you were. By then,with the rapid industrial development in the United States,measuring time had become very important. Since industrialization made it possible to produce large numbers of watches and clocks in factories,they became fairly cheap.“Being on time”had come into the language and our life. 86.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.The development of watches and clocks. B.The functions of watches and clocks. C.The importance of watches and clocks. 解析:根据本文主要介绍钟表的发展史选A项。 六、2008届高考听力复习备考之我见 1.加强词汇学习和积累。 词汇量不足是历届学生共同面临的问题。听力涉及到的大量是那些听得懂、读得懂、写得对、说得出的词汇。因此,应该利用一切英语学习的机会去学习和积累英语词汇。针对听力,可以按语境分类,可将学校、图书馆、火车站、飞机场、旅馆、医院等语境的词汇分类集中起来进行记忆。同时,在最后两个月的时间里,应将《考试大纲》上的所有词汇(特别是新增的240个词汇)都过目1-2遍,强化记忆,这样对提高听力理解能力大有好处。 2.坚持听力训练,加大听力训练强度。 复习后期,无论学生的听力水平如何,每天都要坚持进行听力练习,每天至少要保证十分钟的听力练习时间,不要中断,直到高考。同时,最好选择一套高质量的听力练习材料,每周进行一到两次的统一听力训练,时间也最好与高考英语考试时间一致。这样,到高考时,不仅可以减少学生的考试紧张感,也可以产生一定的条件反射,可以大提高听力理