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知识扫描 复合句中具有名词性质并且可以做主语、表语、同位语或宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 高考热点 1)怎样判断名词性从句的类别; 2)连词that 和what的用法与选择 3)if 与whether的区别 4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别 5)名词性从句必须采用的陈述语序 6)it 可充当形式主语和形式宾语 7)疑问词+-ever的连词和不加-ever的连词在语义上的用法和差别 核心解读一 1、在名词性从句中,从句都用陈述语序。 2、引导名词性从句的词叫引导词。引导词可以分为以下几类: 1)从属连词that(用于表示肯定的含义), whether, if (表示疑问),这三个词只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分,除宾语从句外(that可省),这些词均不可省略。 2)连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。这些词在从句中既起连接作用,又充当从句中的成分,如主语、宾语、表语、补语,且不可省略。3)连接副词有when, where, why, how, wherever, however等。它们既起连词作用,本身又做从句中的状语。 3、名词性从句中的时态一致问题 1)在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时、将来时或现在完成时,起从句的谓语根据需要用适当的时态。当主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的某个时态,但若宾语从句表示客观真理,格言,谚语等,从句的时态仍用一般现在时。 Have you told him that when we are to leave? Teacher told us that China lies in the west of Japan. Although she was listening, she didn’t hear what he was saying because there was so much noise. 2)在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,应注意主语从句中的谓语动词的时态一致性及动作发生的先后关系。 4、语气 在名词性从句中,谓语动词根据需要可以用虚拟语气。起从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形,should可以省略。 核心解读二: 主语从句 1.Whether 与if Whether可以引导主语从句置于句首,而if不放在句首。 特别提醒: 1)if可引导条件状语从句,而Whether不可,若宾语从句为否定句,则用if。 I don’t care if he won’t come. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go. 2) 类似下面的句子也用that. There is no doubt that he will come. It was never doubtful that he would help us. 3) 下面情况下多用whether。 (1)在表语从句或同位语从句中。 (2)宾语从句置于主句前(即前置以示强调) (3)宾语从句做介宾(含discuss的宾语) (4) 后面紧跟or not或动词不定式 (5) 引导让步状语从句 (6)引导宾语从句可能产生歧义时 例1 He doesn’t know _____ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will [Key] A
[点拨] 后面有动词不定式和or not。 例2 I don’t think the question of _____ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why [Key] B [点拨] 宾语从句做介宾 2.That与 what 在名词性从句中,that b 不充当句子成分,仅起连接作用,也无意义,而what可充当主语、宾语、表语等,起含义为“……的事(东西)”。 Has it been decided that the artist will attend the meeting? What the children looks forward to most was the New Year’s coming? 例3 _____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the culture differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C . This D . Which [Key] B that [点拨]不做成分,但引导的是主语从句,所以不能省略。 例4 _____caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C . How D. Where [Key] A [点拨] what在句子中做主语。 3.主语从句可用形式主语it 代替, 置于句首,而将真整的主语即主语从句放在后面。但what, whatever和whoever引导的主语从句不用it代替。 It is certain that she will be late. 例5 It is pretty well understand _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. which B. that C. what D. whether [Key] C [点拨] It为形式主语,what 引导的句子做真正的主语。 例6 It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for [Key] C [点拨] It为形式主语,而真正的主语是有 that 引导的从句。 特别提醒: 1)主语从句的that在口语或非正式文体中如果不在句首可以省略,但that从句位于句首时决不能省略。 It’s a pity (that) you are leaving. It is certain (that) she will do well in the English exam. 2)主语从句除了that外,还可以用where, whether, when, why等词引导。 It doesn’t matter whether they will come or not. It has not been yet decided who will speak at the meeting. 4. who与 whoever whoever意思为“凡……者”相当于anyone who+定语从句。它既可作主句的主语,又可作从句的主语,强调人。而who引导主语从句,只在从句中作主语,强调事。 Whoever is more or less advanced can pass the text. I will give this dictionary to whoever win the games. 例7 _____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. whoever D. Whom [Key] C [点拨] whoever = anyone who 例8 Tom hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who [Key] C [点拨] whoever 引导的句子做介宾而no matter who 不引导名词性从句,只引导让步状语从句。 例9 It was a matter of _____ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever [Key] A [点拨] 省略 5.主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况. (1) It is said, (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (Right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (Wrong) (2) It happens…, it occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (Right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (Wrong) (3) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如: It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (Right) (4)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。 例如: Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (Right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (Wrong) 核心解读三 宾语从句 宾语从句多做及物动词的、介词的宾语。 1.语序用陈述语序 例10 Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D who it is [点拨] 作动词see的宾语从句要用陈述语序,当无法区别男女时,用it作主语。 特别提示: 1)特殊疑问词做主语时,次序不再变化。 Please tell us who will give us a talk this weekend! 2)宾语从句的标点符号由主语来决定。 Don’t you think that the light in the room is too dark? 2) 在宾语从句中不能用一般现在时表示将来,也不能用一般过去时表将来。 3) 在doubt的否定句中,doubt后的宾语从句用that,在doubt的肯定句中用Whether或if均可。 We don’t doubt that he will succeed in the research work. I doubt if / whether it is true. We don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it. 例11 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 例10 Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____ . A. who is he B. w