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1¡¢rather than, other than, would rather(...than)
¡¡¡¡rather thanÊÇÁ¬´Ê£¬Ç°ºóÁ½¶ËËùÁ¬µÄ´ÊÐÔÊÇÒ»Öµģ¬Í¨³£ÒëΪ¡°¶ø²»ÊÇ¡±»ò¡°ÓëÆä˵ÊÇ¡¡²»Èç˵ÊÇ¡±£¬ÓÐʱ¿ÉÓöÌÓï½é´Êinstead ofÌæ´ú¡£ÀýÈ磺He was engaged in writing a letter rather than(= instead of) reading the newspaper.ËûÄÇʱÊÇÔÚдÐŶø²»ÊÇ¿´±¨Ö½¡£John ought to go rather than(= instead of) Jean.Ó¦¸ÃÈ¥µÄÊÇÔ¼º²£¬¶ø²»ÊǼª¶÷¡£These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.ÕâЩЬ×Ó̸²»ÉÏƯÁÁ£¬µ«´©ÆðÀ´µ¹ºÜÊæ·þ¡£Evans is a historian rather than a writer.°£ÎÄ˹ÓëÆä˵ÊǸö×÷¼Ò£¬²»Èç˵ÊǸöʷѧ¼Ò¡£
¡¡¡¡other thanÓÐÁ½ÖÖÒâ˼£ºÒ»ÊÇÓÃÀ´±íʾ·ñ¶¨ÒâÒ壬¼´¡°²»Í¬ÓÚ£¨= different from)£¬·Ç£¨= not);¶þÊÇÓÃÀ´±íʾÅųýÒâÒ壬¼´¡°³ýÁË¡±£¬Ï൱ÓÚexcept¡£ÀýÈ磺The truth is quite other than what you think.ÊÂʵÕæÏàºÍÄãÃÇÏëµÄÍêÈ«²»Ò»Ñù¡£They are patriotic and support socialism, although many of them come from other than working class families.ËûÃÇÊÇ°®¹úµÄ£¬ÊÇÓµ»¤Éç»áÖ÷ÒåµÄ£¬¾¡¹ÜËûÃǵ±ÖÐÓÐÐí¶àÈ˲¢·Ç³öÉíÓÚ¹¤È˽׼¶¼ÒÍ¥¡£She can hardly be other than grateful.Ëý³ýÁ˸м¤Ö®Í⻹ÄÜÔõôÑùÄØ¡£He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan.³ýÁËÈÕ±¾Ö®Í⣬Ëû·ÃÎÊÁËËùÓеÄÑÇÖÞ¹ú¼Ò¡£
¡¡¡¡would rather±íʾѡÔñ»òÖ÷¹ÛÉϵÄÔ¸Íû£¬ÆäÖеÄwouldÒà¿É½â×÷had¡£Ëü±íʾ¡°ÄþÔ¸£¬Äþ¿É¡±µÄÒâ˼¡£Èç¹ûÒª°ÑÈ¡ÉáµÄË«·½¶¼±í´ï³öÀ´£¬ÔòÓ¦¸ÃÓÃwould (or: had) rather ¡ than,±íʾ¡°ÄþÔ¸¡¡Ò²²»¡¡¡±µÄÒâ˼¡£ÀýÈ磺My aunt invited me to the movies, but Isaid I had rather go on a picnic with thegirls.ÎҵĹÃÂèÑûÇëÎÒÈ¥¿´µçÓ°£¬¿ÉÊÇÎÒ˵ÎÒµ¹Ô¸Òâ¸úÅ®º¢×ÓÃÇÒ»ÆðÈ¥Ò°²Í¡£I am sure they would (or: had) rather die than give up.ÎÒÉîÐÅËûÃÇÒ»¶¨»áÄþËÀ²»Çü¡£He would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction.ËûÄþÔ¸´ÇÖ°£¬Ò²²»Ô¸²ÎÓëÄÇÑù²»³ÏʵµÄ½»Òס£
¡¡¡¡×¢Ò⣺would rather ºóÒà¿É½Óthat´Ó¾ä£¬thatͨ³£Ê¡ÂÔ£¬´Ó¾äÖÐÓö¯´ÊÓùýȥʱÐÎʽ±íʾÐéÄâ¡£ would rather...thanµÄÁ¬´ÊthanºóÒà¿É½Óthat´Ó¾ä¡£ÀýÈ磺I would (or: had) rather he came on Monday.ÎÒÄþÔ¸ËûÐÇÆÚÒ»À´¡£I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.ÎÒÄþÔ¸¶ªÊ§Ò»´òÓ£ÌÒÊ÷Ò²²»Ô¸ÌýÄã˵һ¾ä»Ñ»°¡£ ¡¡
2¡¢reach at, reach for
¡¡¡¡ÕâÁ½¸ö´Ê×鶼ÓС°ÉìÊÖÈ¥Äã¨È¡£©¡±µÄÒâ˼£¬µ«ºÒåÓÐËù²»Í¬¡£
¡¡¡¡reach atµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°ÉìÊÖÆóͼȥ´¥Ãþ»ò´ïµ½£¨try to touch or attain by reaching)¡£ÀýÈ磺He reached at the flowers in my hand.ËûÉìÊÖÏë´¥ÃþÎÒÊÖÖеĻ¨¡£She reached at the glass, but it had dropped.ËýÏë°ÑÄǸö²£Á§±×Óץס£¬µ«»¹ÊǵôÏÂÈ¥ÁË¡£
¡¡¡¡reach forûÓС°Æóͼ¡±µÄº¬Ò壬ËüÖ¸Ò»°ãÒâÒåÉϵġ°ÉìÊÖÈ¥Äã¨È¡£©Ä³ÖÖ¾ßÌåµÄʵÎ¡£ÀýÈ磺The boy stood on tiptoe and reached for the map on the wall.Äк¢õÚ׎ţ¬Éì³öÊÖÈ¥ÄÃǽÉϵĵØͼ¡£Then, reaching for a pencil, he wrote down his telephone number.È»ºó£¬ËûÉìÊÖÄÃÁË֧Ǧ±Ê£¬Ð´ÏÂÁËËûµÄµç»°ºÅÂë¡£
3¡¢refer to, refer...to
¡¡¡¡refer toÖеÄreferÊDz»¼°Îﶯ´Ê£¬Óë½é´ÊtoÒ»Æ𹹳ɼ°Îﶯ´Ê´Ê×é¡£ËüÖ÷ÒªÓÐÈýÖÖÒâ˼£º1.²éÔÄ£¬²Î¿¼Êé 2. Ö¸...¶øÑÔ£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚ 3.Ìáµ½£¬Ìá¼°¡£ÀýÈ磺In this connection, please refer to our letter of May 6.¹ØÓÚÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬Çë²ÎÔÄÎÒÃÇÎåÔÂÁùÈÕµÄÀ´ÐÅ¡£Here he was referring to two different world outlooks.ÕâÀïËûËù˵µÄÊÇÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÓîÖæ¹Û¡£The author referred to his teacher twice in his essay.×÷ÕßÔÚÎÄÕÂÖÐÁ½´ÎÌá¼°ËûµÄÀÏʦ¡£
¡¡¡¡refer ¡ to ÖеÄreferÊǼ°Îﶯ´Ê£¬toΪ½é´Ê£¬ËüÖ÷ÒªÓÐÁ½ÖÖÒâ˼£º1.¡°°Ñ¡¡Ìá½»¸ø¡±£¬toºó½Ó×éÖ¯£¬ÍÅÌåµÈÃû´Ê 2.¡°°Ñ¡¡¹é¹¦ÓÚ¡±£¬Ï൱ÓÚowe ¡ to¡£ÀýÈ磺The Local Court decided to refer the case to the High Court.µØ·½·¨Ôº¾ö¶¨°ÑÕâ°¸¼þÌá½»¸ß¼¶·¨Ôº´¦Àí¡£They referred their success to the correct leadership of the Party.ËûÃÇ°ÑÈ¡µÃµÄ³É¾Í¹é¹¦ÓÚµ³µÄÕýÈ·Áìµ¼¡£ ¡¡
4¡¢regret doing, regret to do
¡¡¡¡regret doingÊÇÖ¸¡°×öÁËijʶø¸Ðµ½Òź¶»òºó»Ú¡±µÄÒâ˼£¬¼´v-ing µÄ¶¯×÷·¢ÉúÔÚregretµÄ¶¯×÷֮ǰ¡£ÓÐʱv-ingÓÃÍê³ÉÐÎʽ¡£ÀýÈ磺She regretted missing the train.ËýΪûÓиÏÉϻ𳵶ø¸Ðµ½°ÃÄÕ¡£I regretted having left the work unfinished.ÎÒΪûÓÐÍê³ÉÕâ¼þ¹¤×÷¶ø¸Ðµ½ÓÐЩÒź¶¡£
¡¡¡¡regret to doÊÇÖ¸µ±Ê±»òÏÖÔÚ¡°Òź¶µØ×öijÊ¡±¡£¾¡¹ÜregretÔÚÕâ¶ùÊǶ¯´Ê£¬µ«³£ÒëΪ¸±´ÊµÄÒâ˼,Ï൱ÓÚregretfully¡£ÀýÈ磺The comrade regretted to inform us that Xiao Lin had been severely injured.ÄÇλͬ־Òź¶µØ֪ͨÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð¡ÁÖÊÜÁËÖØÉË¡£I regret to tell you that we cannot stay here any longer.ÎÒÒź¶µØ¸æËßÄ㣬ÎÒÃDz»ÄÜÔÙÔÚÕâ¶ù¶à´ôÁË¡£
5¡¢reply, answer, respond
¡¡¡¡reply£º¡°»Ø´ð£¬´ð¸´¡±£¬ÕýʽÓÃÓָÒÔÊéÃæÐÎʽ´ð¸´£¬Ò²Ö¸ÓÃÐж¯»Ø»÷£¬ÔÚ±çÂÛÖлؾ´¡£³ýÁ˺óÃæ´øÖ±½ÓÒýÓïºÍthatÒýµ¼µÄ±öÓï´Ó¾äÍ⣬һ°ãÖ»×÷²»¼°Îﶯ´Ê¡£³£ÓÃ×÷ÄâÈË»¯£¬³£ÓôÊ×飺in reply to»Ø´ð£¬´ð¸´¡£I answered your letter by sending a postcard last Sunday and havebeen waiting for time to reply to it.ÉÏÖÜÎÒ¼ÄÁËÒ»ÕÅÃ÷ÐÅƬÀ´»Ø¸´ÄãµÄÐÅ£¬´ËºóÒ»Ö±µÈʱ¼ä¸´ÐÅ¡£Do you intend to reply to this attack on your character?¶ÔÕâÖÖ¶ÔÄãÆ·ÐеĹ¥»÷Äã´òËã»Ø¾´Âð£¿
¡¡¡¡answer£º¡°»Ø´ð£¬´ð¸´¡±£¬ÆÕͨÓôʣ¬³£Ö¸¿ÚÍ·»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣬´ð¸´ÕùÂÛ»òÖ¸Ô𣬻òÒªÇó¸øÓè±ç»¤£¬inanswer to»Ø´ð£¬ÏìÓ¦¡£Usually you use words to answer a question but not always. You might answer by shaking your head or shrugging your shoulder.ͨ³£ÄãÓÃÑÔÓï»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣬µ«²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÕâÑù£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÒ¡Í·»òËʼçÒÔʾ»Ø´ð¡£These figures were given in answer to the question from the opposition spokesman.ÁоÙÕâЩÊý×ÖÊÇΪÁ˴𸴷´¶Ôµ³·¢ÑÔÈ˵ÄÖÊÎÊ¡£
¡¡¡¡respond£º¡°·´Ó¦£¬ÏìÓ¦¡±£¬Ö¸Í¨¹ý¿ÚÍ·»òÐж¯×ö³öÏà¹Ø·´Ó¦£¬²¢ÇÒ³£³£ÊǼ´¿ÌµØ»òºÁ²»ÓÌÔ¥µØ×ö³ö·´Ó¦¡£I should like to respond to my opponent's remarks about the government's actions.¶ÔÓÚÎҵĶÔÊÖ¾ÍÕþ¸®Ëù²ÉÈ¡µÄÐж¯Ëù˵µÄÄÇ·¬»°£¬ÎÒÔ¸Òâ×ö³ö´ð¸´¡£Is it true that antiquated legal ideas prevent the government from respondingeffectively to the demands which modern society makes up to it?¹ýʱµÄ·¨Âɹ۵ãÕæµÄ»á·Á°Õþ¸®¶Ôµ±´úÉç»áÏòÆäÌá³öµÄÒªÇó×ö³ö»ý¼«µÄ·´Ó¦Âð£¿When Martin insulted the referee£¬ he responded by ordering him off the field.Âí¶¡ÈèÂî²ÃÅÐʱ£¬²ÃÅÐÒÔÁîÆäÍ˳ö±ÈÈü³¡µØ×÷Ϊ´ð¸´¡£
6¡¢responsibility, duty, obligation
¡¡¡¡responsibility£º¡°ÔðÈΡ°£¬Ò»°ãÓÉÓÚ·¨ÂÉ£¬Ö°Òµ»òµÀµÂµÈÒªÇó¶ø±ØÐ뾡µÄÔðÈΣ¬¶øÇÒº¬ÓÐÒª¶Ôºó¹û¸ºÔðÈεÄÒâ˼¡£³£ÓöÌÓïÓУºaccept/ assume/ take the responsibility Èε«ÔðÈΡ¢¸ºÔðÈΣ»decline all responsibility about¾Ü¾ø¶Ô¡¡¸ºÈκÎÔðÈΡ£ÀýÈ磺I will lend you my camera if you will assume full responsibility for it.Èç¹ûÄãÄܸºÍêÈ«ÔðÈΣ¬ÎÒÔ¸°ÑÕÕÏà»ú½è¸øÄã¡£The manufactures disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse.ʹÓò»µ±¶øÔì³ÉµÄË𻵣¬Éú²ú³§¼Ò²»¸ºÈκÎÔðÈΡ£
¡¡¡¡duty£º¡°ÒåÎñ£¬ÔðÈΣ¬Ö°Ô𡱣¬Í¨³£Ç¿µ÷ÓÉÓÚµÀµÂ¡¢Â×Àí¡¢·¨Âɹ涨µÈ¶ø²úÉú¶Ô×Ô¼º¼°ËûÈËÄËÖÁÉç»áµÄÒåÎñ»òÔðÈΣ¬»¹Ö¸ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐÓ¦¾¡µÄÔðÈΣ¨³£Óø´Êý£©¡£ÀýÈ磺The delivery on confidential letters was a duty that he never relegated to anybody else.Ëû´Óδ°ÑͶµÝ»úÃÜÐżþµÄÔðÈÎÍƸøÈκÎÆäËûÈË¡£The first thing to do is to acquaint yourself with your new duties and colleagues.µÚÒ»¼þÒª×öµÄÊÂÇé¾ÍÊÇÊìϤÄãµÄÐÂÖ°ÎñºÍͬÊ¡£
¡¡¡¡obligation£º¡°±ØÐëÂÄÐеÄÒåÎñ¡¢¸ºµ£¡¢ÔðÈΡ±£¬Ç¿µ÷ÓÉÓÚÏÖʵµÄѹÁ¦ÈçŵÑÔ¡¢ÊÄÑÔ¡¢ÆõÔ¼¡¢·¨Âɼ°Éç»áÏ°¹ßµÄÔ¼Êø¶ø¶ÔËûÈËÓ¦¾¡µÄÒåÎñ»òÓ¦µ±³Ðµ£µÄÔðÈΡ£³£ÓöÌÓïÓУºfulfill an obligation ÂÄÐÐÒåÎñ£»express sb's deep obligation to Ïò...±íʾÉîÇÐлÒ⣻a matter of obligation Òå²»ÈݴǵÄÔðÈΡ£ÀýÈ磺I'm under obligation to Professor Hawkins for some useful criticisms upon the first edition of this book.ÎҸ줻ô½ð˹½ÌÊÚ¶ÔÓÚ±¾Êé³õ´Î³ö°æµÄÈô¸ÉÓÐÒæµÄÅúÆÀ¡£It was plain that Green was carrying out what he regarded as a fixed obligation.ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ£¬¸ñÁÖµ±Ê±ÕýÔÚ¾¡Ò»ÖÖËûÈÏΪÊDz»¿ÉÍÆжµÄÒåÎñ¡£ ¡¡
7¡¢reserve, conserve, preserve
¡¡¡¡reserve£º¡°±£Áô£¬±£´æ¡±£¬Ö¸´¢²Ø»ò±£Áô×ù룬ÎïÆ·£¬ÎÊÌ⣬Òâ¼û£¬È¨ÀûµÈÁô´ýÒÔºóÐèҪʱÔÙÓûòÖ¸ÏÞÖÆÄ¿Ç°»òËûÈËʹÓá£ÀýÈ磺reserve (one's strength) oneself for the next battle Ñø¾«ÐîÈñÒÔÀûÔÙÕ½£»all rights reserved °æȨËùÓУ¬²»µÃ·Ó¡¡£This is the force of will which had enabled her to reserve the fund intact.ÕýÊÇÕâÖÖÒâÖ¾Á¦Ê¹ËýÄܹ»²»¶¯ÓÃר¿î¡£It's well known to all of us that the runners should reserve some of their energy for the final sprint. ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬Ô˶¯Ô±Ó¦Îª×îºóµÄ³å´Ì±£ÁôһЩÌåÁ¦¡£
¡¡¡¡conserve£º¡°±£´æ£¬±£ÖØ¡±£¬Ö¸ÎªÁ˱ÜÃâ²»±ØÒªµÄ»ò¹ý¶àµÄ±ä»¯¡¢Ëðʧ¡¢ËðºÄ¶ø²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©¼ÓÒÔ±£»¤£¬¶øÇÒͨ³£±íʾ±£´æµÃÍêºÃÎÞËð¡£ÀýÈ磺In my opinion, our constitutional can be conserved only by an intelligent electorates.ÒÀÎÒ¿´£¬ÏÜ·¨È¨ÍþÖ»ÄÜÓÉÓвÅÖǵÄÑ¡ÃñÀ´Î¬»¤¡£John slipped his coffee, made from his carefully conserved supply brought with him from England.Ô¼º²ÂýÂýµØÆ·³¢Ëû´ÓÓ¢¹ú´øÀ´µÄ²¢±£´æµÃºÜºÃµÄ¿§·È¡£
¡¡¡¡preserve£º¡°±£»¤¡¢·À»¤¡¢Î¬»¤¡¢Î¬³Ö¡¢±£´æ¡±£¬Ç¿µ÷·ÀÓùÆ
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