试题预览
1、work on, work at 这两个短语动词都可以用作及物动词，均可表示“从事于，致力于”的意思，其后须跟名词，代词或者动名词作宾语，一般情况下可以互换,例如：They have been working on a design for a lighter plough.他们一直在设计一种比较轻的犁。They are working on a report of their investigation of synthetic rubber.他们在写一份合成橡胶的调查报告。He is working on a new novel.他正在写一本新的小说。They have worked on this subject for many years.他们研究这门学科已经有好多年了。She is working at some exercises.她在做练习题。They worked at it whenever regular field tasks are not pressing.日常的农活不紧迫时，他们就干这个。 work on除表示“从事于”的意思外，常见的意思还有“继续工作”。这时，on是副词，其后不能跟宾语。例如：They'll work on until sunset.他们将继续工作，直到日落。 2、worth, worthy to, worthy of, worthwhile worth是“值得”的意思，一般看作介词（也有人认为是形容词），后面通常接（金额，时间，精力之类的）的名词或动名词。接动名词时，要用主动形式，表示的却是被动的意义。有时为了强调，worth前还可以用适当的副词修饰。例如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的，就值得好好去做。This precision instrument is worth 10,000 yuan.这台精密仪器值一万元。The research work is worth our while.我们在这项研究工作上花了精力是值得的。worthy to和worthy of除表示“值得的”的意义外，还有“配得上，相称的”等意思。前者后通常接被动不定式，间或接主动不定式。后者后通常接名词（但不能接有关钞票数目的名词）或动名词的被动形式，有时也接动名词主动形式。例如：It is a thing worthy to be seen.这件东西值得一看。Nothing occurred worthy of being mentioned.没有发生什么值得一提的事。She is worthy of this necklace.她是配得上这条项链的。 worthwhile是形容词，可用作表语，其主语可以是名词，代词，动名词或不定式；它亦可用作定语。此外，worthwhile还可以分开，在while前加物主代词。例如：It is worthwhile visiting Hangzhou.杭州值得一游。This is a worthwhile experiment.这是一项值得进行的实验。It is worth our while to read the book.我们读这本书是值得的。 3、war, battle, fight war“战争”解，每个war之中可以包含许多次的battle。battle作“战役”解，指在war进行之中的各次战役及大的战斗。fight作“作战，战斗”解，一个battle之中可以包含多次的fight，尤指短兵相接的肉搏战。这一组词不但可表示具体的战争和战斗，亦可用于抽象意义。例如：Russia was beaten in the war with Japan.在与日本的战争中，俄国被打败了。He led the battle against poverty and disease.他领导着这一场与贫困和疾病斗争的战役。There had been two or three sea fights between the two countries.这两个国家已有过两三次海战了。4、what ever, whatever
what ever指“到底（是）什么，究竟（是）什么”，用于疑问句中，其中的ever被用来加强语气，表示惊奇，愤怒等感情色彩。例如：What ever do you think you're doing?你究竟在干什么？What ever do you mean?你到底是什么意思？ whatever指“无论什么，任何的”，常用来引导名词性从句及状语从句，在引导名词从句时相当于anything that,引导状语从句时相当于no matter what。例如：Whatever you say is wrong.不管你说什么总是错的。Whatever problem you have, you can always come to me for help.无论你有什么问题，都可以找我帮忙。 5、would rather, prefer 这两者均可表示“宁愿，更喜欢”。 would rather是一个情态词组，后接省去to的不定式，表示某个具体的特定行为。prefer是一个实义动词，后接带to的不定式，也表示一个具体的特定行为。例如：He would rather join you in the research work.他宁愿加入到你的研究工作中来。Which would you rather have, bread or rice?面包和米饭，你更喜欢哪一个？We prefer to living this way.我们更喜欢这种生活方式。He preferred to go on a picnic with the girls.他更喜欢和女孩们去野餐。 两者接不定式时，可分别与than和rather than搭配，表示“宁愿...而不愿”，would rather...than与prefer...rather than的后半部分均接省去to的不定式。例如：He would rather work than play.他宁愿工作也不愿玩。He would rather be poor than get money in such a dishonest way.他宁愿受穷也不愿以这样一种不诚实的方法弄到钱。They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread.他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。She prefers to be trouble rather than be taken care of by her parents.她宁愿有麻烦也不愿让父母照顾她。 prefer后能接名词或动名词作宾语，用动名词时，表示一个习惯性的动作。它也可与介词to搭配，表示“喜欢...而不喜欢。would rather则不能接名词及动名词。例如：Do you prefer coffee or tea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶？She prefers being alone.她喜欢一个人呆着。I prefer orange to red.相比于红色，我更喜欢橙色。He prefers reading novels to watching TV.相比于看电视，他更喜欢看小说。 prefer可跟带不定式的复合结构，而would rather则没有这种用法。例如：I prefer you not to come.我宁愿你不要来。I should prefer you not to stay there too long.我宁愿你别在那儿待得太久。 would rather和prefer后都可接从句，从句中要用虚拟语气：在would rather后的从句里，要用过去时态表示现在和将来，用过去完成时态表示过去；在prefer后的从句里，则用should加动词原形的形式，should 也可以省去。例如：I would rather you came next month.我宁愿你下个月来。We'd rather you hadn't done that.我们宁愿你没做过那件事。I prefer that the plan be fully discussed before it is carried out.我更希望这个计划在实施之前先对其进行充分的讨论。He preferred that we do it some other way.他更希望我们换一种方式做这件事。
