试题预览
一、考点分析与命题趋势 虚拟语气是高考考查的重点语法项目，虽然不是每套题都涉及，但在近几年的考题中也有不少出现。由于汉语中没有这种语法情况，对于以汉语为母语的我们来说有很大的理解难度。命题者在试题的有效信息方面越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动，真实，考查的角度也越来越灵活。要掌握好这一语法项目，我个人认为应从以下方面备考： 1. 熟记并掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用规则。 2. 熟练掌握虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。 3. 掌握一些特殊句型中要运用虚拟语气的具体规则。 二、03-08高考试题汇编 1.（2003上海春季, 40）Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 【解析】if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反。 【答案】 C. 2.（2005 江苏, 33）.---- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York? ---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。 【答案】B 3.（2005 湖北, 33）If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to 【解析】 考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。 【答案】B 4.（2006 湖北, 31） __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 【解析】 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。 【答案】B 5.（2006福建卷,27）. If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not 【解析】 .虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况， 故不用虚拟语气。 【答案】C 6.（2007 全国卷II， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 【解析】 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。 【答案】A 7.（2008山东卷, 24） Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 【解析】 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。 【答案】B 三、名校试题 1. （山东省淄博市2006—2007学年度高三二摸，35）Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he ____________a student of Beijing University . A．would have been B．should be C．has been D．had been 【解析】otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。 【答案】A 2.（江苏省海安市2007-2008学年度高三摸底，27）---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years. ----That's right， or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination. A. devoted; wouldn't have taken B. spent; wouldn't have taken C. had devoted; hadn't taken D. had spent; couldn't take 【解析】devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。 【答案】A 3. （山东省济南市2007年3月高三统一考试，28）—Any information about your son? —No. If only I ______ those tough words to him. A．didn't say B．hadn't said C．shouldn't have said D．couldn't have said 【解析】if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。 【答案】B 4.（太原五中2008—2009学年度第二学期月考 （2月）， 25）It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment. A. would B. should C. will D. can 【解析】It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。 【答案】B 5. （2008年普通高等学校招生中卫一中第二次月考，29） John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has 【解析】suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B 【答案】B 6. （宁夏银川一中2008届高三年级一模，34） But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results. A．have achieved B．shouldn’t have achieved C．should have achieved D．would achieve 【解析】but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。 【答案】B 7.（山东省临沂市2008届高三质检 （一），25）--Where have you been? --I in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I here earlier. A. got stuck; would have come B. got stuck; was C. have got stuck; would have come D. had got stuck; would come 【解析】由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A 【答案】A 8（宁夏银川一中2009届高三模， 29）He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 【解析】这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 . 【答案】D 四、考点预测 （一）文字介绍 虚拟语气是语法的难点，平时师生在备考中应该注意一下考查角度： 1.混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。 2.虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后 3. 表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。 4.含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等 （二）原创或收集考点预测试题 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken
