试题预览
一、考点介绍 时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。要求考生具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路： ① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？ ② 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？ ③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？ 只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。具体技巧如下： 1. 根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态 2. 根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态 3. 根据具体的语言环境选择时态 [命题角度] 近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。 [应对策略] 捕捉信息，理解情境，综合运用，灵活答题。
二、高考真题 1. ( 2003北京卷，25 )--_____David and Vicky ______married? --For about three years． A．How long were；being B．How long have；got C．How long have；been D．How long did；get 【解析】从答语For about three years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。 【答案】C 2.（2004福建卷，24）She has set a new record, that is, sales of her latest book_______50 million. A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached 【解析】句意：她创造了新纪录，即她写的新书的销售量达到了五万册。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。此题的前半部分使用现在完成时，中间使用that is 作为插入语，连接前后两句话，因此前后时态要保持一致，后半句的主语是the sales, 而不是latest book, 因此选项A 为正确答案。 【答案】A 3.（2005北京卷，27）Scientists think that the continents ________always where they______ today. A．aren’t; are B．aren’t; were C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were 【解析】本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。
【答案】C 4.（2005江苏卷，29）They________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working 【解析】此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。故答案为A。 【答案】A 5.（2005山东卷，25）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【解析】句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。 【答案】D 6.（2005湖北卷，22）When the old man ________to walk back to his house, the sun ________itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 【解析】此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。 【答案】A 7.（2005全国I卷, 28）--- What would you do if it________ tomorrow? --- We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready . A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining 【解析】在条件状语从句（if，as long as，even if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the moment…）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。 【答案】C 8.（2006湖南卷，24）I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______to half a dozen other groups. A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have giving 【解析】句意：我正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我已经给另外的六个组做过了。根据句子中的was giving表示过去的时间，而句后的give 又发生在“过去的过去”, 应用过去完成时，正确答案是C 【答案】C 9.（2006湖北卷，32）I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 【解析】句意：直到这位学生计算此数学题超过一小时我才会告诉他答案。主句为一般将来时，时间、条件、让步状语从句的谓语动词要用现在时表示将来，因此A项正确。 【答案】A 10.（2007上海卷，30）With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 【解析】in the past years通常和完成时连用.根据句意应使用被动语态.答案D 【答案】D 11.（2007全国卷I，35）The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 【解析】they指flowers,所以用被动的形式.选项B,过去完成时的基本用法是通过上下文可以找到动作发生的时间是过去的过去.答案C. 【答案】C 12.（2007安徽卷，35）—Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 【解析】从he doesn't know much about computers可知,并非是他自己修理,所以BD排除.通过上下文可知,fix发生的时间是过去.答案C 【答案】C 13.（2007江西卷，35）—Ouch! You hurt me! —I am sorry. But I___ any harm. I___ to drive a rat out. A. didn’t mean; tried B. don’t mean; am trying C. haven’t meant; tried D. didn’t mean; was trying 【解析】第一空表示刚才,不是现在,BC排除.第二空,当时我正在... 答案D 【答案】D 14.（2007 重庆卷，28）Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) _______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought 【解析】be said to...据说,例如:He is said to be rich.注意的是这里的动词不定式指的是现在或者是没有发生的运作.如果指过去的事情, 用完成形式.答案B 【答案】B 15.（2008全国I卷，27） —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 【解析】句意：—你认识Dr. Jackson好久时间了吗? —是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since 自从......以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。 【答案】D 16.（2008辽宁卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years. A. knew
