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【典例精析】 (1) （2009.山东卷） 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。 [1] Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned. [2] It can boost（促进）productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. [3] Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown. [4] It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。
[5] So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________. After a month of doing it. I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being. 76. What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1? （within 8 words） _________________________________________________________________________ 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests. ____________________________________________________________________________ 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. （within 5 words） 79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words） ① ② ③ 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________ （2） （2009.天津卷原创解析）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分） 阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题. Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them. Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry. One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business. On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention. But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try. After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied. But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers. As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. 56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______________________________________________________________________________. （No more than 3 words） 57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words） _______________________________________________________________________________ 58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words） ______________________________________________________________________________ 59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words） 60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words） _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： （1） 76.【解析】Adults are not willing to say hello. 由Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults.可知。 77.【解析】 School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.由所给句子关键词friendlier, scored higher可知第二段的最后一句合适。 78.【解析】saying hello to each other/ greeting each other/ saying hello 由整体文意和五段上下文可知。 79.【解析】①lowering blood pressure ②relieving stress ③boosting happiness从文中2、3、4可知。 80.【解析】不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。 （2） 56.【解析】 shop
