试题预览
A Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal. On the other hand，there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long – term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society. To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer. Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with. Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.
“Particularist”societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person. This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has two much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check – in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check – in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem. 56. Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians . A．like traveling better B．easy to communicate with C．difficult to make real friends D．have a long–term relationship with their neighbors 57. People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those _________. A．who will tell them everything of their own B．who want to do business with them C．they know quite well D．who are good at talking 58. A person from a less mobile society will feel it _______ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions. A．boring B．friendly C．normal D．rough 59. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different _______. A．interests B．habits and customs C．cultures D．ways of life B Breathe, wave and smile. Along with more than 300 other seniors, I marched into the stadium on the afternoon of May 10. The audience burst into deafening cheers. The huge stadium shook with all the whistling and clapping. It was as if a Hollywood superstar had walked on stage. And indeed, every single senior that day was a star of the moment. Each deserved it. The seniors had been preparing for four years for this once-in-a-lifetime moment—the commencement (graduation ceremony). Seated, I waited anxiously for the opening address. As a foreign exchange student, I was not able to receive a diploma. However, I still had the wonderful feeling of being part of things. Like the other graduates, I was dressed in marron cap and gown. Our principal, Mr Glover, delivered a short, warm greeting. The US national anthem followed and then, hands on chests, a solemn Pledge of Allegiance (美国的爱国誓言). Students who had excelled academically gave farewell speeches. The tears in some eyes convinced me that many had deep feelings about the occasion. It was as the class motto says, “Life brings us tears, smiles and memories. The tears dry; the smiles fade; but the memories last forever.” Then came the core (the most important part) of the commencement. Hundreds of names were announced. Each graduate walked across the stage to receive his or her diploma from the principal. From the different cheers each graduate got, we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest. To be honest, the presentation of diplomas got boring. A girl sitting next to me even started yawning. But it wasn’t boring for those receiving the diploma: they would treasure the moment the principal placed the sacred brown document in their hands for the rest of their lives. A new page in the book of that person’s life had turned. They were glimpsing their futures: futures of challenge, hardship, perhaps loneliness too, which would take all of their courage. 60. What’s the article mainly about? A. An American high school’s graduation ceremony. B. The opening ceremony of a sports meeting. C. A presentation of college diplomas. D. A US college’s farewell party. 61. From the text, we can conclude that_______. A. a diploma ensures a good job B. a diploma guarantees a bright future C. the commencement symbolizes the beginning of a new stage in life D. everyone felt excited at the presentation of the diploma 62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Hollywoo
