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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 1．It cost him more than one________(十亿) dollars to complete the project. 答案： billion 2．“What happened？” John’s mother asked him in a________(温和的) voice. 答案： gentle 3．Before the Earth’s protective________(大气层) was formed，there was no life except in the sea. 答案： atmosphere 4．With the________(引力) of the moon and the sun each day，tides (潮汐) roll in and roll away. 答案： pull 5．Manmade________(卫星) are used for sending and receiving messages. 答案： satellites 6．Smoking________(乘，增加) the risk of heart attacks and other health problems. 答案： multiplies 7．Eating too many desserts can be________(有害的) to one’s teeth. 答案： harmful 8．Global warming and________(气候) change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet. 答案： climate 9．According to the________(理论) of relativity (相对论)，nothing can travel faster than light. 答案： theory 10．Most of the evidence had been destroyed.________(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove him guilty. 答案： Thus Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1．prevent... ... 阻止…… 2． eggs 下蛋 3． one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 4．get the hang 熟悉；掌握；理解 5．watch 密切注视；当心；提防 6．depend 依靠 7． time 及时，终于 8．give 产生；分娩 9．cheer 感到高兴；感到振奋 10．now 既然 11．break 突发；爆发 from lay in of out on in birth to up that out Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 答案： What it was to become 2．地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。 The earth became________violent________it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
答案： so；that 3．这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。 This produced a chain reaction，which________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案： made it possible for life to develop 4．而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried________ ________ ________ ________ on the earth and fell over. 答案： twice as far as 5．“天哪，”我大声说。“引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。” “Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice________ ________gravity has changed.” 答案： now that atmosphere n．大气层，空气；环境，气氛 教材原句P25：They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，这些后来形成了地球的大气层。 ①The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.它们制造出来的废气进入大气中，导致我们生病。 ②The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me. 简朴的办公室气氛让我平静下来。 ③Ever since their quarrel，there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office. 自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。 1.(湖北高考)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________. A．atmosphere B．state C．situation D．phenomenon 解析： 句意为：两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中举行。atmosphere气氛；state状态；situation处境；phenomenon现象。由句意可知A项正确。 答案： A harmful adj.有害的，其反义词为harmless 教材原句P26：What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 be harmful to对……有害 do harm to.../do...harm损害…… There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth. 做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处) ①It is harmful to your health to drink too much. 过量喝酒对你的身体有害。 ②Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。 ③He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm. 他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 ④He may say no，but there’s no harm in asking. 他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。 2.Doctors always tell us that drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care. A．is harm to B．does harmful to C．is harmful to D．do harm to 解析： 句意为：医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康，但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb.＝do harm to sb.对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。 答案： C puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 教材原句P27：How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。 ②I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now. 我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。 ③It’s quite a puzzle to us why he did that. 他为何做这样的事，我们完全搞不懂。 ④Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。 3.完成句子 She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She_______________(对将来感到迷茫)． 答案： felt puzzled about her future pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 教材原句P30：As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.随着火箭的升空，我们被重重地推回到座位上，因为我们正尽力摆脱地球的引力。 pull back撤回 pull down拆毁；摧毁 pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out驶出；退出 pull through康复；痊愈 ①He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉开门，冲了出去。 ②The police car signalled to us to pull in. 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。 ③We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 ④The doctor told me that I would pull through. 医生告诉我我会康复的。 4.用pull的短语填空： (1)Houses were______________to make way for a new highway. (2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will______________. (3)John________behind me and parked. (4)Be careful when you____________of the driveway. 答案： (1)pulled down (2)pull through (3)pulled in (4)pull out in time及时；终于；总有一天 ①He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 他设法把游客及时送到机场。 ②Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed？你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗？ ③If you keep on，you will succeed in time. 如果坚持下去，你们迟早会成功的。 on time准时；按时 in no time立即；马上 at a time一次；每次 at one time曾经；一度 at the same time同时 take one’s time别着急；慢慢来 ④At one time，half the land on the Earth’s surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。 ⑤You must give your homework to the teacher on time. 你必须准时把作业交给老师。 5.用time的适当短语填空： (1)The cloud never hides the sun.The truth will be known to all______________. (2)________________there were not so many cars on the streets. (3)____________I go out to the beach to relax. (4)—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —______________________. 答案： (1)in time (2)At one time (3)At times (4)Take your time in one’s turn轮到某人；接着 教材原句P26：Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。 ①When it is in
