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Unit 1 A land of diversity Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 1． n．差别；区分；卓著 2． n. 手段；方法 3． n. 大多数；大半 4． n. 苦难；困苦 5． vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 6． n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 distinction means majority hardship elect boom 7． n. 地极；电极；磁极 8． n. 申请人 9． n. 海关；关税；进口税 10． vi. 发生；出现 11． n. 牛(总称) 12． vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 13． n. 行李(〈美〉baggage) 14． (shaved；shaved，shaven) vt.& vi.刮；剃 15． adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 16． vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 pole applicant customs occur cattle indicate luggage shave apparent slip n. 滑动；滑倒 17． vt.& n. 租用；雇用 18． adv. 无处；到处都无 19． n. 处罚；惩罚 20． n. 正义；公平 21． vt.& vi. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良 22． vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 23． adj. 感激的；感谢的 hire nowhere punishment justice reform grasp thankful Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1．live 继续存在；继续生存 2．by of... 用……办法；借助…… 3．make a 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4．keep 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5． up with 与……合作或一起工作 6．mark 画线；标出……界线 7．Take 包括；吸收 8．a great/good 许多；很多 on means life up team out in many 9．apply 申请；请示得到 10．in 另外 11． one’s dream 实现梦想 12． the view 欣赏风景 for addition achieve admire Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. [信息提取] by means of用某种办法，借助于某事物。 [例句仿写] 思想可以借助于音乐来表达。 Thoughts can also________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 be expressed by means of music 2．By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society. [信息提取] by the time连词，意为“到……时”。 [例句仿写] 当他14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________he had learnt maths by himself. 【答案】 By the time he was fourteen years old 3．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. [信息提取] It is likely that...有可能……。 [例句仿写] 他有可能不参加会议 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________the meeting. 【答案】 It is likely that he will not attend 4．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. [信息提取] It is believed that...人们相信……。 [例句仿写] 人们相信辛勤工作就能成功。 ________ ________ ________ ________hard work can lead to success. 【答案】 It is believed that means n．手段；方法 As is known to us，telephone is a useful means of communication.众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。 Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not very clear.为防止空气污染，每种可能的方法都已用过了，但天空仍然不清澈。 (1)by means of 借用，依靠 We express our feelings by means of words. 我们用语言来表达感情。 (2)by no means＝not at all一点……也不 By no means am I satisfied with my present job. 我对目前的工作一点也不满意。 (3)by this means通过这种方式 You can do it by this means.你可以用这种办法去做。 (4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必 —May I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ —By all means！当然可以！ 1．In many places in China，______bicycle is still________popular means of transportation. A．a；the B．/；a C．the；a D．the；the 【解析】 句意为：在中国的许多地方，自行车仍然是一种受欢迎的交通工具。“the＋单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另外一个类别的。而popular means of transportation应该有很多种，自行车只是其中一种，故用不定冠词a。 【答案】 C majority n．大多数；大半
He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes. 他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。 A majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数人相信吸烟有害健康。 (1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。 The majority were/was against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。 (2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。 The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. 昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损失大部分容易补救。 2．Don’t worry about the present situation in the world；________of people prefer peace to war. A．the most B．the great part C．the majority D．the number 【答案】 C Occur
(1)vi.发生 I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。 Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时，我想起了一个主意。 It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。
Then a practical idea hit/struck/occurred to her! 那时他突然想到一个切合实际的主意！ It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我一下子明白我们如何改善局面了。 It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.我突然想到我们可以用计算机来做这项工作。 3．—Why are you so late? —I was in half the way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it. A．occurred B．hit C．happened D．reminded 【解析】 答语意为：走到半路时，我突然想起我把笔记本忘在家里了，因此我不得不回去取。It occurred to sb.为一固定句型，意为“某人突然想起”。 【答案】 A keep up 坚持，维持，沿袭(风俗、传统等) We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up. 我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。 We should keep up our good traditions. 我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。 I hope the fine weather will keep up. 我希望好天气能保持下去。 (1)keep (on) doing sth.继续、重复做某事 (2)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 (3)keep on继续 (4)keep up with...跟上……，与……同步前进 She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。 Dave couldn’t keep up with the rest of his class. 德夫跟不上班里的其他同学。 Don’t give up；keep on trying.别放弃，继续努力。 4．Would you slow down a bit，please？I can’t ________you. A．keep up with B．put up with C．make up to D．hold on to 【解析】 keep up with意为赶得上，跟得上，不落后于，符合语境要求；put up with忍受；make up to讨好(某人)，奉承，接近；hold on to抓住不放，执著于……。句意为：请慢点儿走好吗？我跟不上你。 【答案】 A 5．(2009年湖南岳阳模拟)In the face of all these difficulties，we’re not discouraged and our spirits________well. A．keep up B．go up C．hold up D．pick up 【解析】 考查动词词组辨析。句意为：面对着所有的这些困难，我们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。keep up继续保持；go up上升；hold up支撑，耽搁；pick up捡起，接收。 【答案】 A take in (1)包括；包含 The tour takes in six European capitals. 这次旅游包括六个欧洲国家的首都。 (2)允许某人寄宿家中 She was homeless so we took her in. 她无家可归，我们就收留了她。 (3)欺骗(愚弄)某人 She took me in completely with her story. 她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。 (4)吸收，吸入(空气，水等) Take in a deep breath深吸一口气 (5)理解(吸收)所见所闻 I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying. 我希望你能理解我说的话。 6．(2007年辽宁卷)Don’t be________by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. A．taken off B．taken out C．taken away D．taken in 【解析】 根据句意“不要被那些许诺能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗”。take off拿去；取消；脱(衣帽)；飞机起飞；take out 拿出，取出；去掉，带……；take in接受；吸收；收容；领会；包含，欺骗；take away 拿走，夺去；使离去。 【答案】 D a great/good many许多；很多 Tom found that there were a great/good many people already there. 汤姆发现那儿已
