一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。 它们有如下共同特点： 1．连接词基本相同，它们是：从属连词that, whether, as if；连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 连接副词where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever。 2. 从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。 3. 名词性从句中，除了关联词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。 一、主语从句 1．由that(不充当句子成分，仅起引导作用)引导的主语从句，通常用it作形式主语。(常见句型参见M7U1疑难句型) 2．几种常用的含主语从句句型： It's said that…据说 It's written that…据记载 It's reported that…据报道 It's well known that…众所周知 It's (so) happened that…碰巧 It‘s certain that…确信 【注意】当人作主语时，表语用sure或certain, 但在句型It is certain that…中，不可用sure替代certain。 【疑难点击】 1．由what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句，必须置于谓语动词之前，不能用it作形式主语。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 2. 由which, when, where, whether等引导的主语从句，可置于谓语动词前，也可用it作形式主语。但如果是疑问句，就只能用it作形式主语。 Whether he'll come or not makes no difference.＝It does't make any difference whether he'll come or not. Hasn't it been decided yet when and where we'll hold the sports meet? 二、宾语从句 it作形式宾语的常见句型 ①主语＋ think/consider/find/feel/make＋it＋adj./n. ＋ that－从句 I really find it a pity that you didn't come to the party. ②主语＋hate/dislike/love/like ＋it ＋ when－从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶 I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. ③主语＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if－从句 I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math. ④主语＋see to it＋ that－从句 确保…… You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab. ⑤主语＋rely on/ depend on it＋ that－从句 依靠…… You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 【疑难点击】 1．及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时只有第一个连词that可以省略。 He said(that) the text was important and that we should recite it.(第二个that不能省略)
2．某些表语形容词(如sure, certain, glad, surprised)之后也可带宾语从句。 He was afraid that someone might find him. 3. whether与if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况下，只能用whether： (1)后面直接跟or not 时 We didn't know whether or not she was ready. (2)在介词之后 I'm interested in whether you've finished the work. (3)用if会引起歧义时 Please let me know whether you want to go. (如换成if则既可看作条件状语从句又可看作宾语从句) 其中几种只用whether的情况：引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句时，引导主语从句置于句首时；后接动词不定式。 Whether he'll attend the meeting is unknown.(让步状语) He doesn't know whether to stay or not.(接不定式) 三、表语从句 1．that引导表语从句无任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略。 The fact is that he is lying. 2. whether 引导表语从句(此时通常不可用if代替whether)。 It was uncertain whether he would come. 3. 常见的句型 It looks as if …好像……；仿佛…… This is because…这是因为…… The reason why…is that… ……的原因是…… That is why…那是因为…… 四、同位语从句 1．that引导的同位语从句 在下列名词可用that引导同位语从句：answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, story, suggestion, thought, truth等。 I had no idea that you were here. 【注意】常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后，分隔式同位语从句是抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词，以平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。 Word came that the bird flu has killed many people. 消息传来，禽流感已经导致许多人死亡。 2. that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1)同位语从句的引导词that 不充当从句的任何成分，即同位语从句本身是意义完整的陈述句，that不可省略。 The news that Yao Ming joined the Rocket really excited the Chinese basketball fans. 2)定语从句的关系代词that 代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。定语从句本身缺主语或宾语。 The news that I got on the CCTV was about Yao Ming. (作定语从句中got的宾语，可省。) The sports news that is about Rocket often attracts more attention. (作定语从句的主语，不可省。) 【疑难点击】 一、宾语从句中否定的转移和反意疑问句 1. 宾语从句中的否定的转移 若主句的主语为第一人称单数，谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。 【疑难点击】 2．宾语从句中的反意疑问句 1)否定转移的宾语从句的反意疑问句反意部分跟从句的主谓保持一致。 I think she will come to the party tomorrow, won't she? I don't think she will come to the party tomorrow, will she? 2)其他人称的宾语从句，反意部分跟主句的主谓保持一致。 She doesn't think her son is able to swim, does she? She thought that her father had recovered from cancer, didn't she? 二、where, what和疑问词＋ever在名词性从句中的特殊意义和用法 1. where 可表示抽象意义，“……的地方，……点”。 You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. That's where you are mistaken. 2. what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为what＝the ＋名词＋that…，通常翻译成：……的，也叫“的”字结构。 ①what＝the thing that/anything that… What you need to do is to wait. ②what＝the place that… I live in what used to be a storeroom. ③what＝the time that… I'll remember what we spent in Beijing University. ④what＝the person that… She is no longer what she used to be. ⑤what＝the country that… China is no longer what it was 20 years ago. ⑥what＝the speed that… She drives at what seems a dangerous speed. ⑦A is to B what C is to D. Wings are to birds what sails are to ships. 3. 疑问词＋－ever可引导名词性从句相当于anyone who, anything that等，在从句中要充当一定的成分。疑问词＋－ever还可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter＋疑问词。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. ＝Anybody who breaks the law will be punished. Parents shouldn't buy whatever their children want. ＝Parents shouldn't buy anything that their children want. There are many books in our library. You can borrow whichever book you like. ＝There are many books in our library. You can borrow any book that you like. Wherever you are, you must behave yourself. ＝No matter where you are, you must behave yourself. 小结：whoever/whatever/whichever 既在主句中充当成分，又在从句中充当成分。
第7讲 名词性从句（考点突破） ( ) 1. In a family, ______ really works is ______ there is one person who understands the finances and takes care of it. (2011•江西吉安一中高三模拟) A. that; what B. what; that C. it; that D. as; that ( ) 2. They give me a piece of advice ______ the passport ______ with me at all times. (2010•福建泉州一中高中毕业班质量检查) A. that; be carried B. that; must be carried C. which; should be carried D. which; is carried 【解析】 1. B what 引导主语从句，且充当主语；that 引导表语从句，不充当句子成分。 2. A advice 后跟的是that引导的同位语从句，且应用虚拟语气，即(should)＋动词原形。 ( ) 3. The soldiers soon reached ______ was once an old temple ______ the villagers used as a school. (2011•宁夏银川二中高三月考) A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where ( ) 4. After ______ seemed an hour or so, we were able to enter the pavilion. (2011•浙江嘉兴一中高三月考) A. it B. when C. which D. what 【解析】 3. B what 引导宾语从句，且充当主语；which引导定语从句，且充当use的宾语。 4. D what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中充当主语。 ( ) 5. His family members gave some examples o
