倒装句 倒装有两种考法： 1.放在单项选择题中，单纯考查考生的倒装是否熟练掌握； 2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 一、完全倒装 将谓语动词全部提到主语之前。常见情况有： 1. 表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首，谓语动词多用be, come, go等。 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 【注意】当主语是人称代词时，主语语序不变。 Here it is. In she came. Away he went. 2. 地点状语＋谓语＋主语；此时，地点状语为标志词，谓语动词为不及物动词。 South of the river lies a small factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. They ask to take photos where stands the tower. 3. such, then, now, thus, the following 放句首时，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be。 Such are the facts. Such is life. The following is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn. 4. There be/lie/exist/ stand/live ＋主语＋…(there be 句型) There is a tall building on the top of the mountain. There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain. 5. 表语＋系动词＋主语；表语可以是介词短语，形容词或分词。 【注意】若主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主语＋系动词＋表语。 Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”． In front of the house is a cow. 6. 用于以现在分词开头的句子中。 Sitting around the old man were some children from big cities. 7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。 Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！ 二、部分倒装 将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。 (通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。) 1. 含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcely…when…， no sooner…(than)…， not only…(but also), at no time, by no means等。 Little does he know about the news.
他对这消息知之甚少。 By no means can he catch up in such a short time. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。 【特别提醒】 ①若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。 He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(无助动词) He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.(添加does) ②not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter. (连接并列主语，不可倒装) ③在“hardly/scarcely…when－从句”和 “no sooner…than－从句”结构中，主句用过去完成时，而从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off. Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off. (注意谓语动词的形式) ④not until提前时，必须将not until后面的全部内容提前，而不仅仅是not until这两个词。 The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (将until后面的全部内容提前) ⑤neither…nor… 句型中两个句子都需要部分倒装。 Neither did I want to see the film nor did I buy the ticket. (＝I neither wanted to see the film nor bought the ticket.) 2. so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首； ①表示前面所说的肯定情况，也适合于另一人或物。so/as ＋ be (助动词或情态动词) ＋ 主语。 — I've got an enormous amount of work to do. ——我有大量的工作要做。 — So have I. ——我也是。 He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent. 他，和他全家人一样，相信你是无辜的。 ②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither (nor) ＋ be (助动词或情态动词) ＋ 主语。 If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom. 如果她不同意这个计划，Tom也不会同意。 【特别提醒】 ①“so ＋主语＋助动词”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同，意为“的确如此”； — It's raining hard. ——天下着大雨。 — So it is. ——是的。 ②“主语＋did ＋so”表示：“主语”这样做了。 Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so. Tom要我去踢足球，我去了。 3. only ＋ 状语(或状语从句)＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分 状语可以是副词或介词短语和状语从句。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。 Only if he has time will he come here. 只有他有时间的话他才会来。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了3次才来开会。 【特别提醒】 only之后跟的不是状语时不可倒装。下面两句中的only跟的就是主语： Only that boy can work out the problem. 只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。 Only socialism can save China. 只有社会主义才能救中国。 4．在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should＋主谓＋谓语其他部分＋主句。 Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim. 5. 在 “so…that”和“such…that”结构中，将“so＋adj.”和“such＋n.”提到句首时。 So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off. 暴风雨如此厉害，整个屋顶都被吹掉了。 Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems. 杰克是如此聪明的孩子，他能解答所有这些难题。 【疑难点击】 句子的一部分成分通常是表语或状语提前，但主谓语序不变。 1. 标志词as: “尽管 /虽然”句式： (1)表语(形容词/名词)＋ as/though ＋ 主语＋ 系动词，主句。 【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。 Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study. Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. Rich man as he is, he works hard. (2)副词＋ as/though＋主语＋谓语动词，主句。 Hard as he worked, he failed. Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom. (3)动词原形 ＋as/though ＋ 主语＋ might/may, 主句。 Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty. 2. No matter how/However ＋ 形容词/副词＋主语＋ 谓语， 主句。 However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him. However/ No matter how busy I am, I will help you. 3. how和what引起的感叹句 How ＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ What ＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ What a clever boy he is! How blue the sky looks! How fast time flies! 省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： 一、简单句中的省略 1. 省略主语。 Haven't seen you for ages! 2．省略谓语。 (Is there) Anything you want? 3. 省略宾语。 I don't know (where he is ). 4．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (Have you) Got any ink? 二、 并列句中的省略 在并列句中，如果后面的分句，与前面的分句有相同的部分，这一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。 He teaches English and his brother maths. 三、复合句中的省略 1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 When (she was) asked, she didn't answer a word. As (he was) a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. If (it is) so, you must go back and get it. 【疑难点击】 虚拟条件句中，含助动词，情态动词，动词be或have等，若将它们提到句首，则需省略if。 Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit till next week. 2．在限定性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom前面无介词时可以省略；关系代词在从句中作表
