一 般 现在 时 现 在 习惯于或经常性动作 Class begins at eight every morning . 状况 He looks very pale . 瞬间动作 There comes the school bus . 过 去 描述过去的事实，以求描述的生动性 The river rises higher and higher , breaks the banks and fills all low places .
将
来 固定不变或不易变的动作或状态 Tomorrow is Sunday . （在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态 When he arrives ,we’ll go out to meet him . It will be 3 hours before I come back . 不受时间限制的动作或状态 The sun rises in the east . Practice makes perfect.
一 般 过 去 时 过 去 某时（或某段时间内）的动作 He traveled in France last year. 状态 He was in Shenzheng some years ago . 习惯动作 When I was at college , I wrote home once a month. 先后一连串动作 He went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter. 现在或将来 非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟语气范畴 It’s time we had supper. If he arrived tomorrow , I should meet him at the airport. 一 般 将 来 时 将 来 某个时刻（或某段时间内）将要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中 He will come next week . I’ll ask her as soon as she comes. 状态 Your dress will be ready soon.
现 在 预测现在某事可能要发生了 It’s ten o’clock . Mary will be in bed by now. 现在的习惯 A lion will never attack an elephant .
现在的需要 Shall I help you ? 对将来的事情现在作出决定 ---Which shirt do you want ? ---I’ll take the red one, please.
现 在 进 行 时 现 在 某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter now. She is visiting Shanghai this week . 婉转口气 I’m hoping to hear from you soon. 带有感情色彩的叙述 The boy is always talking in class. 将
来 按计划一般不易变更的动作 The train is leaving at 11:00 p.m.. （在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作 When you are cycling along the street , don’t’ forget the traffic light.
过去进行时 过
去 某时（或时间段内）进行的动作 I was doing my homework this time last night. 故事发生的背景 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 带有感情色彩的叙述 He was making trouble all the time . 过去说话前不久的动作 I was telling him his mother was ill . 婉转口气 I was hoping you could help me.
过去将来时 过去 间接引用某人过去的话和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous . 习惯性动作 At dusk , these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk. 现
在 非真实的动作或状态 If I were you , I would study French . 客气的请求 Would you mind helping me ? 愿望 I would like a cup of tea.
现 在 完 成 时
完 成 用 法 现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响 He has turned off the light . I have been to Japan . 现在时间前已做的动作 He is reading the book that he has bought recently . （在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作 I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished it . 未完成用法 直到现在为止尚未完成的动作 He has lived in Wuhan since last summer.
过 去 完 成 时 完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的动作或状态 By the end of last term we had learned 3000 English words. 未完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作 By December last year , he had worked in Beijing for five years .
其他用法 表示非真实的,想象的过去动作或状态 I wish I had told him about it . If she had worked harder , she would have succeeded. They had meant to see me off at the airport , but they got there too late. （二） 时态的运用 1．现在时等表示将来时 【重点提示】 用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中：if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。 在上述从句中如果主句是将来时（往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如： I’ll not go to his birthday party unless I’m invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes back . 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语），但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。如： The meeting begins at seven . The train starts at nine in the morning . 当主句是过去将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。如： He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work. 上述从句中还用现在完成时表示将来完成时，此时强调从句动作在主句之前发生。如： You can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作业再出去玩。) 2．过去时在语境中的运用 【重点提示】在没有明确时间状语的情况下，考生对过去时的判定往往会失误，原因是只凭汉语直译而不看语境。语境中的过去时往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如： I never thought he would do that . 3.现在完成时与一般过去时 【重点提示】考生很容易将现在完成时误用为一般过去时，原因是没有深刻领会“现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响”这句话的含义。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。如： ---Where have you put the recorder? I can’t find it anywhere! ---I put it right here , but now it’s gone . 问句用现在完成时，表明说话者在找录音机，希望对方告诉他录音机在哪里。而答语用过去时，因为“录音机已经不见了”。“刚才”把录音机放这儿与“现在不见了”没有直接关系。 4．某些固定的句式中的时态 【重点提示】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。 1） This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。如： This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 2） It is / has been + 一段时间+since 从句。Since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。如： It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time . 3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”。如： I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。如： They were playing football when Jack shouted in pain . 5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than--- when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。如： Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down . No sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces . 6) It + be +一段时间+before 从句 该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如： It wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=He will soon succeed.) It was ten years before they met again .(=They met again ten years later.) 5.现在完成进行时 【重点提示】 现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于
