二、 抽象名词具体化,不可数名词与可数名词的转化也是高考常考知识。 1. 部分抽象名词前有形容词修饰时,常须加冠词。 a bright future, have a good/ nice/ wonderful time, a great help, a good education, a wonderful supper/ lunch/ dinner 2. 与动词同形的名词构成的短语常加冠词。 have a look, go for a walk, have a smoke, make an answer, have a sleep 3. 部分情绪或心理活动的情感名词,表示抽象概念时,不可数;表示具体的事时,可数。如: surprise (u.) 惊奇,诧异 in surprise (c.) 令人惊奇的事 What a surprise! pity (u.) 怜悯,同情 have pity on sb. (c.) 可惜的事,憾事 It’s a pity pleasure (u.) 愉快,高兴 with pleasure (c.) 乐趣,乐事 It is a pleasure.
三、 名词直接作定语与名词所有格作定语不一样,名词作定语主要有: 1. 表示类别: coffee cup (咖啡杯) man doctor (男医生) English lesson (英语课) college student (大学生) shoe shop (鞋店) street light (路灯)
2. 表示原材料: stone house (石头房子) straw hat (草帽) wood desk (木桌) paper money (纸币) 3. 表示用途 lunch room (午餐室) sports field (运动场) 注:(1)名词作定语一般用单数,但某些须用复数形式; a clothes shop, s sports meet, a sales girl, a goods train (2) man, women 通常与名词一起变复数 men teachers, women drivers (3) 所有格作定语与名词直接作定语意义不一样 a man driver (男司机), a man’s driver (男士的司机)
四、 名词的所有格 1. 在词尾加’s 表示“所属、所有”。 (1) 有生命的或被看作有生命名词的所有格一般加’s。 如:the worker’s name, the government’s plan, his brother’s bike, women’s Day (2)表示国家、城市、时间、度量、天体、价值等无生命的名词的所有格加’s。如:China’s industry, the earth’s satellite, the Party’s policy, today’s newspaper, two miles’ walk (3)表示某店铺、某人的家或省略上文提到的名词时,名词所有格后面的中心词常省略。 如:the Wangs’ , at my uncles’, the barber’s (4)表示多人共同所有的同一物,在最后一个词尾加’s, 表示多人各自所有时,须分别加’s. 如:Mary and Jane’s room (共有),Li Hua’s and Zhang Ying’s bikes (分别所有) (5)以s结尾的复数名词一般加 “ ’ ”,以s结尾的专有名词加 “ ’ ” 或 “ ’s ”. 如:the boys’ desks the teachers’ desks Engels’s works/ Engels’ works Dickens’/ Dickens’s book (6)复合名词、不定代词、相互代词或以整体形式出现的名词一般在最末单词后加“ ’s ” 如:somebody else’s bike, whose else’s car, my daughter-in-law’s house 2. 用of表示所有格 (1) 无生命的名词一般用of表示所属关系。 如:the lights of the street, the parks of the city, the map of the country (2) 某些有生命的名词的所有格两者均可,但修饰语较长时,须用of表示。 如:monkey’s tail/ the tail of the monkey the story of the brave sisters the son of the old man who lived in the country 3. 词的双重所有格,由 “of + 名词 + ’s ”或 “of + 名词性物主代词” 构成。 (1) 表示所属物的名词有冠词、不定代词或数词时(如:a, some, no, the, any, one, few等)。 a friend of her mother’s = one of her mother’s friends; a photo of mine = one of my photos (2) 被修饰的名词前有指示代词时或用来表示赞扬或厌恶等感情色彩时。 Everyone loves the little son of his sister’s. We all dislike that pride of Tom’s. 我们都讨厌汤姆那种骄傲态度。
▲专项练习强化 1. A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 2. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character 3. I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good _______ of direction. A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense 4. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______. A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 5. My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 6. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country. A.companies B.branches C.organizations D.businesses 7. --- I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. --- There is no ____ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 8. “I don’t think it’s my _____ that the TV blew upl I just turned it on, that’s all.” said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty 9. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ____ in the number of natural disasters. A. result B. account C. reason D. increase 10. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their ____, some people drink alcohol. A. temper B. mood C. consciousness D. pressures 11.—How can I use this washing machine? �