一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 play is has has plays am playing have played have been playing are 过去 played was had played had been playing were playing 将来 shall shall shall shall will play will be playing will have played will have been playing 过去 should should should should 将来 would play would be playing would have played would have been playing 二、一般现在时： 1. 构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 (1) 直接加 “s”，works, takes (2) 以辅音加 “y” 结尾，变 “y” 为 “i”, 再加 “es” carry → carries (3) 以 “o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es” goes dresses watches brushes 2. 功能： (1) 表现在的事实、状态或动作： eg：. Birds fly. . She loves music. . Mary’s parents get up very early. (2) 表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often, sometimes, usually, always, every week, seldom, occasionally, frequently 等时间副词连用。 eg：. I always take a walk after supper. . She writes to me very often. . Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picenic occasionally. (3) 表客观真理，格言警句或事实： . The earth moves round the sun. . The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. . Two and two makes four. . No man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。
(4) 表将来： A. 在由 when, after, before, as, as soon as, although, because, if, even if, in case, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。 （黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！） 例如： . I’ll tell her when she comes tomorrow. . Even if it rains this afternoon, I’ll meet you.
. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. （不错的句型，背下！！） . I’ll be right here waiting for you wherever you go. （很感人的句型！） B. 按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。 . The play begins at 6:30 this evening. . When does the plane take off? . He leaves for that city next week. . According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。） 测试精编： 1. The Browns _______ a nice car and brown’s brother _______ a nice jeep. A. have/have B. has/has C. have/has D. has/have 2. If their house _______ not like ours, what _______ it look like? A. is/is B. is/does C. does/does D. does/is 3. _______ you think he will come? If it _______ tomorrow, he will not come. A. Do/rains B. Are/rains C. do/will rain D. Are/will rain 4. The little child _______ not even know that the moon _______ around the earth. A. do/move B. do/moves C. does/moves D. did/moved 5. Many a student _______ fond of films, but a good student seldom _______ to the cinema. A. are/goes B. is/goes C. are/go D. is/go
二、现在进行时： is/am/are +现在分词 1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。如 . The kettle is boiling. Shall I make tea? . Don’t you think you eat too much? You’re putting on weight. (体重增加) . The workers are building a new bridge across the reiver. 2. 表示现阶段正进行的动作。 . He is taking physics this semester. （本学期） . We are preparing for our final examination this week. 3. go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示 即将开始的动作。 . Look! The bus is coming. 看！车来了！ . The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. . Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother. 4. 与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。 . He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。） . The boy is continually making noises. （这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。） . The teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late. （老师一直在批评她迟到。） 5. 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。 （此条戒律请背10遍！！！） believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道） understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得） look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有） sound （听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心） like（喜欢），hate （讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲） 【简单记忆】： ● 永远不要说 I’m believing…或 He is seeing a house. 再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加 –ing. ● 可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！ ● 注意：have a party / think about 可以用进行时，因为这里have 意为“举行”；think 意为“考虑”。 测试精编： 1. How can you _______ if you are not _______? A. listening/hearing B. hear/listening B. be listening/heard C. be hearing/listening to 2. The girl even won’t have her lunch before she _______ her homework. A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes 3. Those who have applied for the post（职位）_______ in the office. （此题超前） A. are being interviewed B. are interviewing C. interviewing D. to be interviewing 4. The old scientist _______ to do more for the country. A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes D. has been wished 5. If he _______, don’t wake him up. A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping C. still has been sleeping D. will be sleeping still 三、一般过去时。定义动词的过去式： 1. 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。 . We visited the school last spring. . I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. . China was founded in 1949. 2. 表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参） . She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day. .&nb
