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I.知识点归纳 代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大的灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。 一. 代词的分类 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词 this that such these those such 相互代词 宾格 each other one another 所有格 each other’s one another’s 不定代词 可数 one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither 不可数 much, (a) little 可数不可数 any other all some
复合不定代词 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 连接代词 who whom whose which what 关系代词 who whom whose which that 二.代词的用法 1.人称代词 1) 在句中作主语,用主格;在句中作宾语,则用宾格.如： She teaches them physics. 2) 在句中作表语, 常用宾格。如： Who is it? It’s me. 但有时要用主格.如: It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。 3) 两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：单数按2,3,1人称排列; 复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列.如: you, she, and I ; we, you and they 2.物主代词 1) 形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 如:We love our motherland. 2) 名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语 如:Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词 1)用作宾语,表语或主语和宾语的同位语. He teaches himself Japanese every evening. She is not quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服. I myself can repair the bike. 2)含有反身代词的惯用语归纳 与介词连: by oneself = alone 独自 for oneself 独立;为自己 与动词连用be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 seat oneself 坐下 dress oneself in 穿着 devote oneself to 专心于献身于 help oneself to 自行取用come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
4.指示代词 1)this和that是近指, that和those 是远指 如:I don’t want this book. I want that one. 2)有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词 At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing. 3)this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this,不能用that.此外,还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词, 且后面带有of短语修饰Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中 this=wealth; that=health) They cant afford it. That / this is their problem. What I want you to remember is this : English is of great use.(此句中this 不能用that 替换) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. 4)such的用法: 一般在句中作定语和主语. 如：Such is my answer./ Such are the results of the exams./ I have never seen such beautiful flowers.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。 5.相互代词 1)在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn from each other. 2)加’s后成为所有格,作定语 They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代词 不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别 1)one、some 与any的用法 one可以泛指任何人,还可以在形容词和that ,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词, 其复数形式为ones, 可用作主语和宾语; one’s是它的物主代词形式,可用作定语oneself 是它的反身代词形式,可用作主语,同位语和宾语. Some和 any通常用作定语,都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词,单数或复数名词, some用于单数可数名词前,表示 “某一” some一般用于肯定句, any多用于疑问句,否定句中 如：One should wash oneself regularly. / This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday. I have some books. / Have you any books? I don’t have any books. 注意： some 可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中,预期的答案是肯定的, 可鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复.如：Could you let me have some coffee? (请求)/ Would you like some bananas? (邀请) some 和any可用作主语和宾语. 例如: Some are singing, others are dancing./ They don’t like any of these films. 另外,some ,any, every, no 与one ,body, thing 构成代词都作单数看待 代词it 和代词 one it 是代词中使用频率最高的一个，它常常指代句中的名词.，one 也可指代句中的名词 注意it 和 one 有下面三点不同： it =the (或this my your his ----)+单数名词 one =a (或 an)+ 单数名词 it代替特定的单数名词 one代替不特定的单数名词 it的复数为they (宾格为them) one的复数为ones 如：---Do you want this book? ---No, I don’t want it. ---Do you have a bike? ---No, I don’t. But I’ll buy one next week. 此外, one 之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指, one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。如：This film is an interesting one. / Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. 1)some ( -body, -one,-thing) 与any (- body, - one, -thing) some类代词多用于肯定句, any类代词多用于否定句,疑问句和条件句.但是some类代词也可用 于疑问句或否定句, any类代词也可用于肯定句Did somebody phone me just now? 刚才有人给我大电话了吧? / You can do anything you like. 注意: any所修饰的名词或复合词any (- body, - one, -thing)用作主语时,后面不能有否定词.如果需要表达否定的意思时,要把any改为相应的完全否定句 如：不能说： Anyone cannot do it 应说： Nobody can do it. 2)every类代词 every类代词在形式上和语法上虽然是单数,但在意义上是复数.汉语的含义为 ＂都＂ 如：――Is everyone here? ――No. Mike is not here. 3)each, every的用法 each强调个别，可以充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语．Every强调整体，相当于汉语的＂每个都＂，在句中只作定语． 如：Each of us has a dictionary. / We have two boxes each./ Every student has strong and weak points. each所代表的数可以是两个以上，而every所指的数必须是三个以上．如： Each of the two has won a prize. / Every boy in the class likes football. 4)none和no的用法 no=not any ,在句中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语 There is no water in the well./ I know none of the workers. none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数. 如：None of the girls is in the classroom. 5)many和much 的用法 many 和much 都表示许多, 但是many 用来修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词,都可作主语,宾语和定语 如：Many of the students like sports./ There is not much water in the cup much有时用作状语 如：He likes playing football very much 6)few, little; a few ,a little 的用法 few 和little 表示没有多少,含否定意义,而a few 和a little表示一些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few 与a few修饰可数名词, little与 a little 修饰不可数名词, 它们在句中常用作主语,宾语和定语 如：The old man knows a little English. Few of them can speak Russian. 7)other与another的用法 other泛指 “另外的”,作定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但如果前面有 the, this ,that, some, any ,each ,every ,no ,none ,one ,or 以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与单数名词连用.如:other students, all other beauty, no other way, the other one, any other boy, every other day, some other reason等 others是 other 的复数形式,特指 “别的人或物”如：Some are singing, others are dancing. / He held a book in one hand and some letters in the oth
