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I．知识点归纳 一.介词的分类 1. 简单介词（如at , by , for , from , in , with , to , on） 2. 复合介词（如into, onto , within , outside） 3. 双重介词（如at about , from behind , from among, until after） 4. 短语介词（如in front of , in spite of , by means of, in addition to等）；有的介词可兼作连词（如after , until等） 二.介词的作用 介词往往跟后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中可充当以下成分： 1. 定语 如The boys in blue vests are the students of our school. 2. 状语 如Can you write in English ? (方式状语) 3. 表语 如 Japan is to the east of our country 4. 宾语补足语 如Make yourself at home. 三.常考易混的几种情况 1. at , in , on 和by表示时间 1) at ①表示时间的一点，时刻等 at sunrise , at daybreak , at dawn , at noon , at dusk , at midnight ②较短暂的一段时间，某个重大节日等at night , at midsummer , at Christmas , at New Year , at the Spring Festival 2) in ①用于某个较长时间（如年，月，星期，世纪，朝代，泛指的上、下午、傍晚等） ②在一段时间之后 Father will be back in a week. 3) on ① 具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、某个星期几等 We began to work on our arrival. ② 某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上On the eve of victory （胜利前夕） ③ 准时，按时 on time 4)by ① 不迟于，在（某时）前 He must have finished it by now ② 在…间，在…时候 We work by day and sleep by night. 2. besides , except , but , except for , except that / when … 1)besides 表示除了…以外，还有，但用于否定句时，与except , but 同义 We have no other books besides (=except) these. 2) except 表示（某人或某物）除外 They all went to see the film except John. 3)but 意为除了，与except 同义。Except 强调被排除的部分，but 则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词或疑问代词。 She could do nothing but wait for the next bus. / Who would play all day but Jack ?
4)except for 表示除去整体中的一部分，有除了因为…（with the exception of）的意思，它所叙述的事实或细节部分地修正句子的主要意思。 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 5)当except 用于句首时，后面往往也要加上for. Except for this , everything is in order . = Everything is in order except this. 6)连接从句时except 后要用适当连词 This suit fits me well except that the trousers are a bit longer. He does morning exercises except when it is raining. 3. in , to 和on的表示方位 1) in表示在…之内 Fujian lies in the south of China. 2) to 表示在某范围之外的地方. Fujian lies to the south of Zhejiang Province. 3) on表示毗邻\接壤 Monglia lies on the north of China. 4. 表示方向的to , for 和toward(s) 1) 在来往行动类的动词之后表示方向时，常用to . 如go , come , walk , run , dash , rush , move , fly , return, lead, take 2) 表示起程、出发、离开类的动词之后，常用for 。 3) 如果动词之后有from … to …这样的短语，即使第(2)类动词，也不用for。如 A new ship set off from England to America on its first trip. 4) 表示朝…方向时，to 和towards 同义，常可互换。只是toward(s)仅仅表示方向，不表示到达，而 to 不仅表示方向，还表示到达。 如：All roads lead to Rome. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south. 注意：towards还有“快要到、快接近”的意思，紧跟在后面的名词前常不用冠词。 5.介词的省略 1)表示时间时，用在next , last , this , these , yesterday , tomorrow , one , any , every , each , some和all等词之前的at , on , in通常都省略。如：this evening , yesterday morning , one day , every week 2)在某些名词词组前，可省，也可不省。如 (at ) the following weekend, (on) that day , (in) the year before last 3)表示时间的for 的省略，要看具体情况 ①以 all开头的名词短语，表示延续的时间，for 须省略I stayed with her all the morning. ②表示一段时间的短语之前，for 可省，也可不省We're been here (for) three weeks. ③否定句中 for 不能省。I haven't seen him for ten years. ④时间状语位于句首，不能省for. For the whole summer , the college student worked as a shop-assistant. 五.介词与某些词类的搭配 某些词类对介词有不同要求，即要求有固定的介词与其搭配，构成固定用法。 1. 名词与介词的固定搭配 1) 常与to连用的名词：attention, key , answer, visit , apology ,devotion, contribution , introduction 如： the key to the test , business visits to America , the introduction to the book 2) 常与in连用的名词：interest , satisfaction , expert 如an expert in swimming 3) 常与on连用的名词：mercy , congratulation 如have mercy on sb 4) 其它常用名、介搭配：prize for , respect for , victory over , struggle with 5) 注意：汉语中表达…的，在英语中要用多个介词，应区别不同含久。如： a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（of 表示属于） a ticket for tonight 一张今晚的票 （for 表示给…用） / a story about Lei Feng 雷锋的故事 (about表示关于)/ a key to the door 这扇门的钥匙 (to表示对于)/ a lecture on American history 一场关于美国历史的演讲（on表示论述） 2. 形容词与介词的固定搭配 1) 常与at连用的形容词: angry , good , bad, clever , terrified , surprised 2) 常与of连用的形容词：afraid, sure , full, tired, fond , proud , worthy , certain 3) 常与with连用的形容词：angry , strict, careful, busy, popular 4) 常与in连用的形容词：weak , strict, rich, interested, successful 5) 常与to连用的形容词：next , good, polite, kind , cruel, rude , known, married, close , near, similar, due 6) 常与for连用的形容词：sorry , good , famous , fit, unfit , eager, anxious, hungry 7) 常与from连用的形容词：far, different , free, safe , absent, tired 8) 常与about连用的形容词：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain 说明：使用时要注意用一形容词与不同介词搭配的不同含义。 如：He was angry at losing it. （表生气的原因）/ Don't be angry with him.（表生气的对象） He is good at maths . (表擅长于) / He is good to me. （表对某人友好） It is good for him. (表对他有益) 知识点训练： I.经典试题回顾： 1. He got to the station early ,______missing his train.（04江苏） A in case of B instead of C for fear of D in search of 2. The journey around the world took the sailor nine months ,_______the sailing time was 226 days.（04广西） A of which B during which C from which D for which 3.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (04北京) A.With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 4. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 5. The accident is reported to have occurred _______ the first Sunday in February . (04上海) A. at B. on C. in D. to 6. Marie Curie made little notice______ the honors that were given&n
