试题预览
(一)考纲要求 考纲规定,冠词考查基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词,不定冠词a与an的区别;不用冠词的情况;习语中的冠词;特指与泛指等。 (二)命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。 (三)基本用法 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面,说明其所指的人或物。 1、定冠词的基本用法: ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful. ② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please. ③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 ④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east, the right. ⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest. ⑥ 用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick, the wounded. ⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation. ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake. ⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths ⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin. ⑾ 发明物。如:The compass was invented in China. ⑿ 年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. ⒀ 固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time 2、不定冠词的基本用法: ① 泛指一个。如:There is a book on the table. ② 指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. ③ 指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. ④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。) ⑤ 表示同样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。) ⑥ 表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk. ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译帮手) ⑧ 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠词的情况: ① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)
② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:We are studying English. ③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. ④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most. ⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother? ⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch? ⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of playing basketball. ⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。 练习(一)、冠 词 1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通设施). A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a 2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a 3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a 4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived. A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The 5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a 6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a 7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every 8. He was absent because he had caught ____. A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold 9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a 10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire. A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a 11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try. A. a B. the C. another D. other 12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English. A. first B. a first C. second D. the second 13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a 14. Tom left Shanghai in ____. A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995 15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the 16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a 17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s 18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller 19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____. A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano 20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book. A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead 21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder. A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the 22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety. A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, / 23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the 24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. / 25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? A. man B. the man C. a man D. men 26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./ 27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That 28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China. A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a 29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a 30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories. A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
练习(二)、冠 词 1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him. A. other B. the C. / D. a 2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the 3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. ---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us. A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a 4.