试题预览
代词 代词是用来代替名词、形容词或数词的词。这些代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。这里,我们介绍几组常用代词的用法及辨析。 (一) 人称代词 主格 I he she we you they it 宾格 me him her us you them it 用法:人称代词的主格作主语;宾格作表语或宾语; 人称代词作表语时,与动词前面的代词或名词或名词同格。 I was considered to be she. They considered me to be her. I thought it to be her. It was thought to be her. (二) 物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 用法:形容词性物主代词作定语; 名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。 如:He is my teacher. Whose book is this? It’s mine. I’ve finished my homework. Have you finished yours? He is an old friend of mine. (三) 反身代词 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词在句中一般作宾语、表语和同位语。 1. 作宾语:They called themselves weavers. 2. 作表语:Stop fooling and be yourself. 3. 作同位语:反身代词不达意作同位语可以放在与之同位的名词或代词之后,也可放在句末。 如:They themselves decided to go to see it. They decided to go to see it themselves. 注意下列习惯说法: come to oneself(苏醒)/ be not oneself(身体不舒服)congratulate oneself on(暗自庆幸) enjoy oneself express oneself(表达) devote oneself to(致力于) dress oneself(穿衣) find oneself(发觉自己在)help oneself to(随便吃) hide oneself(躲藏)keep sth. to oneself(保守秘密)make oneself at home(不要拘束,就像在自己家里一样) make oneself + p.p. seat oneself -for oneself(为自已或替自已) You must find it out for yourself.(独自地) They kept it for themselves(为自已) -of oneself自然地,自动地 The enemy will not perish of himself.
The door opened of itself. -by oneself独自地,自单干 I’m busy, would you go there by yourself. They made the machine all by themselves. -in oneself(本身性质) The materials in themselves were not poisonous. This is not a bad idea in itself. I like the house in itself but not furnituure in it. 注:某些带有反身代词的动词词不达意组已变成固定习语。 Have you enjoyed yourself recently? He is not himself today. Don’t get nervous, help yourself to what you like. (四) 疑问代词 常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever。疑问代词一般放在句首,用来构成特殊疑问句, 可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如: Whoever told you that is a fool.What is this? Whom (who)did you want? (五) 指示代词 指示代词有:this, that,these,those,it,such,same等。 1. This,that,these,those的用法: (1) 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如: This is my pen. Do you want this?That book is mine. What I want is this. (2) This(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。如: This is a pen and that is a pencil.These days we are very busy. (3) This(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物; 而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。如: What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing. He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know. (4) That (those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。如: This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday. The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor. 2. such的用法: (1) such一般在句中作定语和主语。如: Such is my answer. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. (2) such用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。 He is such an interesting person. 3. same的用法: same可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语。same前必须加the。如: I went there on the same day.The same can be said of the other city. What I want to say is the same.I’ll do the same. (六) 不定代词 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多,用法各异,下面分别进行介绍。 1. One,some与any的用法 one可以泛指任何人,还可以用在形容词和that,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词,其复数形式为ones,可用作主语和宾语; one’s是它的物主代词形式,可用作定语;oneself是它的反身代词形式,可用作主语和宾语。some和any通常用作定语,都可用来修饰可数名词、单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前, 表示“某一”。some用于数词前,表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定句中。如: One should wash oneself regularly. This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday. I have some books. Have you any books? I don’t have any books. 注: (1) some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中,预期的答案是肯定的,或鼓励给予一个肯定的答复。如: Could you let me have some coffee? (2) some和any可用作主语和宾语。如 Some are singing, others are dancing. Does any of you know Mr Wang? I don’t like any of the books. (3) Some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单元数看待。另外,some的合成代词一般用于肯定句,any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。 2. Each,every的用法 (1) each强调个别,可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体,相当于汉语的“每个都”,在句中都作定语。如: The teacher had a talk with each of them. Each of us has two boxes. We have two boxes each. Every boy has a book. Every one has strong and weak points. (2) each所代表的数可以是两个以上, 而every所指的数必须是三个以上。如: Each of the two has won a prize. Every student in the class likes English. 3. none和no的用法: (1) no=not any.在句子中作定语,修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。如: There is no water in the well.None of them know the story. (2) none代替不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。如: None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties. 4. many和much的用法: many和much都表示许多,但是many用来修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。都可用作主语、宾语和定语。如: Many of the students often go shopping. I have much to do. There is not much water in the cup. much有时用作状语。如: He likes playing football very much. 5. Few,little,a few,a little的用法: Few和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而a few和a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few与a few修饰可数名词;little,a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。如: He knows a little English.Few of them could speak English.I know a little about Japanese. 6. other和another的用法: other 意为“另外的”,作定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one,or以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与单数名词连用。如:other boys,all other beauty,no other way,the other one, any other plant,every other day,some other reason 等。 others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物“(但不是全部)。如: 指“两者中的另一个“。常与one连用,作定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一个中的“全部其余的”。如: He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. The others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”。如: I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue. another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”,“再一、、、、、、”,“另一个”,作代词或形容词。如 I have finished this novel, please give me another. One….the other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体;one ….another指同一组内的两个个体。如: Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack. One person may like to spend his holiday at seashore,while another may prefer the mountains. 7. neither和either的用法: neither表示两者都不;either表示两者中的任何一个;两个词都表示单数,在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。如: Neither of the answers is wrong. Either sentence is right. I know neither of the teachers. You may take either of the books. 8. all和both