（一）非谓语动词的基本概念 1. 什么叫非谓语动词？ 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 Examples： He came late yesterday. Subject Predicate Adverbial His coming late yesterday made Mr Smith very angry Subject Predicate Object Object Complement
2. 非谓语动词的种类 非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词、和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 Examples： To lie is wrong Lying is wrong. The book is interesting. I am interested in this book.
（三）谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 Examples： The book interests me. The book is interesting. I am interested in this book. I am sleeping. The sleeping boy often sleeps here. His exam results are disappointing.
[高考题点击] 1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。答案为A。 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. （04上海春季）
A. seizing..,disappeared B. seized.., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。答案为D。
（四）非谓语动词作主语和表语 Examples： Reading is learning. To read is to learn. The story is exciting. We are excited.
[高考题点击] 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____. (01 上海) A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。答案为D。 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 答案为D。 非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些结构： A) 在 It’s no use (good; value; importance) 等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it. B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible,comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。 另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。答案为B。
（五）非谓语动词作定语 Examples： This is a sleeping car. This is a car for sleeping. Do you know that sleeping boy? Do you know the boy who is sleeping? Who is to be punished for the broken window? His surpised look showed that he didn’t know about it. He was at a loss at the surprising news.
[高考题点]： 1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语 flowers。答案为B。 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted “谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。答案为C。 3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。答案为B。 4. There are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss which to buy. (99 上海) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围。答案为B。
非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： A)分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； B)动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； C)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： •在 time, chance, right 等名词后； •在序数词后； •在 wish, need, demand, requirement …等词后。 D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作
（六）非谓语动词作宾补 Examples： When I went in, I saw Tom kissing Mary. While I was there, I saw Tom kiss Mary. They told me not to tell anyone else. I found Tom beaten black and blue.
[高考题点击] 1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (95 N) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to 为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, I’d like to.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还有：advise allow cause consider encourage forbid force intend order permit persuade remind request require urge warn ask wish want 等。答案为A。 特别注意
