试题预览
定语从句 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。 定语从句是高考的热点，也是英语语法项目中的重点和难点。学习定语从句的置点是把握住关系代词和关系副词的用法，难点是关系代词与介词的连用，体现在高考题型中，多以单项填空题为主，在完形填空和短文改错等题型中也有所体现。此外还要注意定语从句和名词性从句的区别。 1．The road conditions there turned out to be very good， was more than we could expect． A．it B．what C．which D．that 答案：C 解析：句意：那儿的路况结果很好，这出乎我们的意料。which用于 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的情况。由逗号知本句不是并列句，排除A项； what不引导定语从句；that不引导非限制性定语从句。 2．We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas． (上海高考) A．which B．whose C．in which D．with which 答案：C 解析：句意：我们经历了一个农村地区通讯非常困难的时期。fl peri— od为先行词，在定语从句中作状语，故选C。 3．He wouldn’t go to see fl play that no one liked it．80． (陕西高考短文改错) 答案：去掉it。 解析：that与it造成句子成分重复。 1．We shouldn’t spend our money testing SO many people，most of——are healthy． (北京高考) A．that B．which C．what D．whom 2．Women drink more than two cups of coffee fl day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t． (北京高考) A．who；／ B．／；who’ C．who；who D．／；／ 3．一Do you have anything to say for yourselves? --Yes，there’s one point——we must insist on． A。why B．where C．how D．} 4．She was educated at Beijing University， she went 0n to have her advanced study abroad．
A．after which B．from which C．from that D．after that 5．Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street， used to be poorly run，is now a successful business． A．that B．which C．who D．where 6．Villagers here depend on the fishing industry， ，there won’t be much work• A．where B．that C．by which D．without which 7．For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further New York is an example． A．for which B．in which C．of which D．from which 8．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， are beyond our contro1． A．most of them B．most of which C．most of what D．most of that 9．I'll give you my friend’s home address， ．I can be reached most evenings• A．which B．when C．whom D．where 10．All the neighbors admire this family the parents are treating their child like a friend． A．why B．where C．which D．that 一、概述 1．定义：在复合句中用作定语的句子叫定语从句。简言之，就是一个句子充当了定语。 2．结构：先行词+关系词+从句 3．先行词和关系词 大家知道，定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。那么，被定语从句修饰的这个名词或 代词就叫先行词，顾名恩义，它放在了定语从句之前。 那么，什么叫关系词呢?引导定语从句的词就叫关系词。关系词是起连接作用的，它把主句和定语从句完美地结合到了一起。打个比方，关系词就像我们人体上的骨关节一样，把两根骨头连在了一起。 Do you know the boy who／that is standing there? 你认识站在那里的那个男孩吗? 本句中，the boy就是先行词，关系词who／that引导的是定语从句。 关系词除了上面所说的具有连壁垫丝外，还有另外一个重要的功能，即它要在定 语从句中充当句子成分，上句中who／that就作了is standing的主语。又如： Will you D1ease lend矗e the book that／which you bought last week? 本句中，关系词that／which既起连接作用引导定语从句，又在从句中作了谓语 动词bought的宾语。 学习宾语从句的难点、重点和关键是什么呢?实践告诉我们：是关系词的使用。 美系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两种。 关系代词：who，whom，whose，that, which 关系副词：when，where，why 我们将在下一节学习它们的用法。 4．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从旬 根据定语从句和先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句两种，两者的区别是： (1)结构不同 非限制性定语从句和先行词之间常用逗号分开，而限制性定语从句则不用。 l mpt An nld friPnd whn／that／whom I hadn’t seen for a long time． 我遇到了一个多年不见的老朋友。 T mPt An nld friPnd．who had been in the US for many years． 我遇到了一个老朋友，他在美国生活多年了。 (2)功能、意义和翻译方法不同 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，去掉它则整个句子的意思受到影响；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，去掉它整个句子意义依然完整；在翻译成汉语时，限制性定语从句往往译在先行词之前，而非限制性定语从旬则可以单独译成一句话，放在主句之后。 The film that／which I saw last night was very boring． 我昨晚看的那部电影很无聊。 I saw a film last night，which was very boring．我昨晚看了一部电影，它很无聊。 (3)关系词的使用不同 引导限制性定语从句的关系词有时可省略，而引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。引导限制性定语从句时如果先行词指物，关系词既可用that，也可用which；而引导非限制性定语从旬时，如果先行词是物时关系词只能用which，而不用that；先行词指人时，只能用who／whom，不能用that。 He found a new job(that／which)he liked very much． 他找到了一份他非常喜欢的新工作。 He found a new job，which he liked very much． 他找到了一份新工作，他非常喜欢这份工作。 The famous singer，whom you wish tO see，will come here tomorrow． 你要见的那个著名的歌手明天来这儿。 By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself， can be very eye-opening and rewarding． (湖南高考) A．who B．which C．what D．that 答案：B 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文中的整个句子。 二、关系代词和关系副词的用法 1．关系代词 (1)当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who，whom或that。who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，口语中也可用who来代替whom。 The girl that／who／whom you met yesterday is my sister． 你昨天遇到的那个女孩是我妹妹。(that／who／whom作宾语) He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man． ’ 不到长城非好汉。(who作主语) I know a foreigner who／that is from South Africa． 我认识一个来自南非的外国人。(who／that在从句中作主语) He is no longer the boy that／who／whom he was six years ago． 他已不再是6年前的那个男孩了。(that／who／whom作表语) The famous basketball star，tried tO make a comeback，attracted a lot of attention． A．where B．when C．which D．who 答案：D 解析：先行词是the famous basketball star，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以选who。 ①关系代词前有介词时，只能用whom，而不用who或that。 This is our English teacher—from w—hom we have learnt a lot． 这是我们的英语老师，从他那里我们已经学到了很多。 ——丽7五i磊元五‘五ives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to US， we gave some bells and glasses． A．to which B．tO whom C．with
