二、引导词 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? who, whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用who与that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that 人，物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语 宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语 宾语 表语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. He is not the same man as he was. 用在固定搭配中：such… as, the same …as等。 as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用介词+which，介词可以是in, at, on 等。 where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用介词+which，介词可以是in, at, on 等。 why 原因 原因 状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
在从句中充当宾语时可以省略。 在从句中充当宾语时不能省略。 先行词 词 可以是一句话，引导词只能用which或as。 例句辨析 He has two sons who work in the same company. He has two sons, who work in the same company.
四、引导词之间的区别：
（一） that与 which, that与who之间的用法区别
1. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which，who
（1）当先行词前被the only、any、few、little、no、all、the very（正好，恰恰）等词修饰时。 Eg. The only thing that we can do is to give her some money. This is the very book that I want. （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。 Eg. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. （4）当先行词是序数词，或先行词前有序数词修饰时。 Eg. It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. He is the last person that I want to see. （5）先行词中既有人又有物时。 Eg. He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? （6）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 Eg. The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. John is no longer the boy that he used to be. （7）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Eg. Which is the bike that you lost? Which are the books that you bought for me ? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? （8）有两个定于从句时，其中一个宜用which，另一个宜用that。 Eg. They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
3．只用who而不用that的情况： （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 Eg. There is a young man who wants to see you. （2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one、ones等词时，关系词用who。 Eg. Anyone who does that must be mad. Those who dare to break the law will be punished. （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Eg. Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语的时候。 Eg. I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. （5）为了避免重复或引起歧义。 Eg. The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai. （6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用who。 Eg. The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music. （7）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用who，不指特定的人时多用that。 Eg. The aunt who came to see us last week is my father’s sister. People that have not been properly trained can’t do this kind of work.
（二）as与which的区别： 定语 从句 区别 例句 限制性定语从句 中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性定语从句中 位置不同 as可以在主句前，主句中或主句后。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. He gave his mother a beautiful sweater for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. As is often the case, Mary was late for school.
which 常放在主句之后 意思不同 as 多译为“正如”，且常用于习惯搭配中。如：as is known to all=as is well-known 众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所期待的那样；as we knows; as is reported等。 which 仅仅译为“这件事，那件事”
例题： 1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ______ came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 2. ______ is reported, the shop was broken into last night. A. Which B. That C. It D. What
五、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导，介词可与连接词一起连用，这时关系代词不能用that, who；介词也可以放在从句相关动词的后面，这时who，that 都是可以的，而且这时关系代词是可以省略的。 Eg. (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. =Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (3) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. =We'll go to hear&nbs
