试题预览
形容词的比较级和最高级 一、比较级的定义: 大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。 二、比较级的构成: 三、比较级的用法: (一)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级 1. 表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。 2.表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。 2. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。 公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B… A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B… I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。 (二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法 1.比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。 He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。 2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。 I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。 This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。 He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。 0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们祖国越来越美了。 4.“the more…, the more…”表示“越……,就越……”, The more,the better.多多益善。 The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心,犯错就越少。 5.“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较……的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother. Lucy is _______ one of the twins. 四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级 1.表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。
公式:主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的介词短语或从句 主语+实义动词+(the) +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句 He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read. 2.表示“最…的…中一个”,用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。 He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。 This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden. 这是花园里最漂亮的花之。 注意:(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the. (二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among 1) in表示环境范围,通常用于在一定范围内的比较,后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词,并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。例句: (1) The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河。 (2) London is the biggest city in Britain. 伦敦是英国最大的城市。 (3) She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。 (4) The child was very young, but he wasn't the youngest in the family. 这孩子很小,但他在家里不是最小的。 2)of用来表示对象范围,一般用于同类事物之间的比较,且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。 (1) he+基数词(+名词复数)结构,指的是具体数目中,表示……个之中最。例句: ①Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys. 在这三个男孩中,彼得是年纪最大的。 ②This is the smallest of the three.这是三者之中最小的。 ③This is the shortest of the four roads. 这是四条路中最近的一条路。 (2)of all, of all+(the)+名词复数,of all+one's+名词复数结构表示其中之最。例句: ①Of all choices, this is the best.在各种办法之中,这种最好。 ②He's the most intelligent of all the students. 在所有学生中,他是最聪明的。 ③Of all my hobbies, swimming is my favourite. 在我的业余爱好中,我最喜欢游泳。 ④ They all spoke English badly, but Jack spoke the worst of them. 他们所有人英语说得都不好,但杰克是他们之中说得最差的一个。 of, among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较,表示其中之最,后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样,也表示对象范围,因此among与of有时可互换使用。例句: (1) Li Ming is the most handsome among(of) the boys. 李明是男孩中最英俊的。 (2) This book is the best among the modern novels. 这本书是现代小说中最好的。 (3)The picture is the most beautiful among these. 在这些图画中,这一张是最漂亮的。 此外,among后面还可以接形容词的最高级,表示其中之一的含义。例句: (1) London is among the largest cities in the world. 伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。 (2) Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China. 杭州是中国最美丽的城市之一。 五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题: (一)、按语法规则,than后面的人称代词应当用主格,但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 He is more careful than I (me). (二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I. The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang. 不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang. 【语法专项练习题】 1、That boy looks as _________ as a boxer. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong 2、The Summer Palace is________ than Zhong Shan park. A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger 3、Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges? A. good B. better C. best D. well 4、--Oh, the food is bad. --I think so .And the service(服务) is __________. A.the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse 5、--You have the same coat as I. --No, Mine is __________ , but not so __________ as yours. A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive 6、The experts think that India’s population may be_____than China’s __________ 2020. A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on 7、This year our school is __________ than it was last year. A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful 8、__________ you work, __________ knowledge you will get. A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more 9、He has__________ friends than I. A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more 10、She draws better than__________ . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we 11、Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else 12、I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Ann. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as