试题预览
IT 句型大扫描 研究一下近年来的高考试卷可以发现，含 it 的句型几乎年年考到。它遍布于高考试题的各个大题。可见 it 句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。 一、it的基本用法 1.用作人称代词，代替前文所提到的事物 The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. 试比较:The train has arrived, which arrived half an hour ago. 2.用以代替提示代词this, that。 ---What’s this? ---It’s a knife. ---Whose watch is that? ---It may be Mr. Smith. 3.起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 ---Who is knocking at the door? ---It’s me. 4.指环境情况等 It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment. 5.指时间、季节等 ①---What time is it? ---It’s eight o’clock. ②It often rains in summer here. 6.指距离 It is a long way to the school. 7.作形式主语 ①It is not easy to finish the work in two days. ②It is no use crying over spilt milk. ③It is as pity that you didn’t read the book. 8．作形式宾语 ①I think it no use arguing with him. ②I found it very interesting to study English. ③He made it clear that he wasn’t interested in that subject. 9．用于强调结构 It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. 二、含有It的句型 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain…) that … 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree. = That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned…) that … 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉……）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit 6. It is suggested ( ordered, required ... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议；有命令……）”。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second … ) time that … 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is … since ... 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is ... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。 It was 5 o'clock when he came here. 12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen是不及物动词． It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…… 14. It takes sb. … to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesn't matter whether... 该句型中whether 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）…… 没关系……。 It doesn't matter whether they are old (or not). 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for 引起，形容词通常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况。常见的形容词有：
