试题预览
江苏省口岸中学2012年秋学期高二英语学案十二 模块五 Unit3 Grammar 编写人：黄涛 非谓语动词--过去分词 一、定义 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。 二、形式 “动词＋ed”，不规则的形式要记忆。参考过去分词变化表。 及物动词的过去分词既表被动，也表完成。 The books, written by Lu Xun (=which was written by Lu Xun),are popular with many Chinese people. 不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。 fallen leaves（落叶） newly --arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界） 三、句法功能 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语 1、作定语 作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰的词的后面。 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. This is a book written by a peasant. boiled water 开水 spoken English口头英语 2、作表语 过去分词作表语用，相当于形容词，多表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。 最常见的有：delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired , satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled, upset 等。 I was pleased at the news. （表示主语的心理感觉） The door remained locked.（表示主语所处的状态） 3、作宾语补足语 作宾补的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的有：feel，think，find，see, hear, notice, watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词和have, make，get等使役动词，以及with的复合结构。 结构：动词+宾语（名词或代词）+宾补（过去分词） I often hear the song sung in English. He's going to have his hair cut. She found the door closed. I must get my bike repaired. He was trying to make himself understood. He sat there, with his hands tied behind. 注：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补足语。如： One of the glasses was found broken. They should be kept informed of the situation there. （应该让他们知道那儿的形势。） 4、作状语 过去分词短语常用作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语大多数放在句子前部，也有少数放在句子后部（谓语后面）或者插中间（主语后面）
Inspired by her example, the league members worked even harder. The professor came in , followed by a group of young people. Mr. Green, deeply moved, thanked us again and again. 过去分词短语作状语可表示 (1)原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. The children soon feel asleep, exhausted by the journey. (2)时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. Once published, this dictionary will be very popular! (3)条件（假设的情况），相当于一个条件状语从句 United, we stand; divided, we fall. Given more time, we could do it much better. 有时过去分词前可用if等词。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. (4)让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. （尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。） Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. (5)方式或伴随情况 The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。） 过去分词也可以单独作状语。 Heated, water changes into steam. She turned away, disappointed. 四、特别提醒 1.过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。多数情况下它表示一种伴随动作或情况。 The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat. （=… and his face was covered with sweat.） All things considered, your article is of greater value than hers. 2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补足语： have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如： I had the workers do the job for me. Jim often has his father help him with his homework. have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如： They had the machine working all the time.（ 他们让机器一直工作着。） We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. （我们不能让/不允许那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。） have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况： 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如： He had his hair cut yesterday. 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如： He had his leg broken in the match last month. 3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式： the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 （表示将来的动作） the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的动作） the bridge built 造好的桥 （表示完成的动作） 4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如： They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. （他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。） At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. （看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。） 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如： amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。 5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况 由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 五、常见考点 考点一：过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别 过去分词表示被动和人的心理感受，而现在分词一般式表示主动和事情本身所具有的性质或特点。 1.Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired, boring B .tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 考点二：过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别 过去分词表示被动，而现在分词主动完成式只表示完成。 2.____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A .Having given B .To give C .Giving D .Given 考点三：过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别 过去分词表示被动，而现在分词一般被动式表示被动且进行。 The Town Hall ______ in the1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 考点四：with复合结构和独立主格结构 1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
