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定语从句知识点详解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分，可以担当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语，例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，___________________________________ 是定语从句，修饰先行词___________， ____________是引导定语从句的关系词，它代替先行词，在定语从句中作_______语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 That is the teacher __________________________________. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor _____________________________ has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl _____________________________________ is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，在限制性定语从句中做宾语时常可省略。 He likes reading books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen _____________________________. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film _______________________________________________ was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 Yesterday I received a letter _________________________________. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house ___________________________________. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶受损的房子里。 注意：whose+名词常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. =_______________________________________________________________________ =_______________________________________________________________________
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打网球的男孩。 We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer ________ ________ we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。 注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误） ２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。 The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor. (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误) ３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： In the basket there are many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, ________ ________ ______ are from big cities. 我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。 Up to now, he has written ten stories, __________ ________ _________ are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。 Do you remember the years______________________________________________? 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 I visited the farm ____________________________ . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 I don’t know the reason _____________________________________. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： Great changes have taken place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市发生
