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M2 Unit 1 Grammar--- Present perfect tense(现在完成时) and Present perfect continuous tense(现在完成进行时) Step 1. Explanations 一. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：（have/ has done） 1 表示发生在过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 --- ______ __ you _____ _____ (have)your lunch yet? --- Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 2. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态. 1) I haven’t seen her these days. 2) He ______(live) here since he came here. 3. 和already, never, ever, just, before, lately, recently, yet, so far, up to the present, up till now, in the past/ last few years等状语连用。 1) Tom __________ (do) his homework already. 2) --- Have you ever been to Beijing? --- No, I have never been there. 4. 表示刚刚完成的动作。 The police ______ just ________ _____ (finish) searching the area. 5. 表示发生多次的动作或表示反复习惯性的动作，常于several times, once, twice, three times, frequently 等频度副词连用。 1) I _________ (see) the films several times. 2) He has been to London twice. 6. 在“最高级+名词”或在“这是第几次”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。 1) This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 2) This is the first time that I _____________ (visit) your country. 完成下列句子： 1) It is the first time that I ______________ (visit) the city. 2) It was the third time that the boy ______________ (be) late. 3) This is the best film that I _________ ever ___________ (see). 典型例题 （ ）—Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
（ ）—Have you ____ been to our town before? —No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 7. 表示从过去到现在没有发生的动作。 1) He __________ (not clean) the room for 10 days. 2) They ___________________ (hear) from him for a score of years. 8. 用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前业已完成。 1) We’ll set out at once if the rain ____________ (stop). 2) I’ll tell him after you ____________(leave). 9. have been to.. 去过… (已回来); have gone to…去…了(或到了或在途中) 1) She ______________ to Europe, but she is back now. 2) She ______________ to Europe and she is not here now. 10. 在现在完成时中，终止动词若与for, since 等延续状语连用，需把终止动词变成延续性动词。请判断下列句子的正误： 1) She has left school for 15 years. She has been away from school for 15 years. 2) He has been in the army for 5 years. He has joined the army for 5 years. 3) She has married Jack since 1965. She has been married to Jack since 1965. 4) I have borrowed the novel for several days. I have kept the novel for several days. 二．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关；现在完成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等。 完成下列句子： I __________ (see) this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I ______________ (see) this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） He _______________ (be) in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He __________ (join) the League three years ago. （强调加入的动作发生在过去） 一般过去时还是现在完成时？ 1. They ___________ (move) to the south in 1990 and __________ (live) there since then. 2. Eric left (leave) home last year and ________________ (just come) back. 3. Justin ________(be) away from home for several days. He _______ (disappear) last Friday. 4. They _______ (buy) this house three years ago and they ________ (live) here since then. 5 My brother ______(go) to see my grandpa last week. He ________ (visit) him three times this month. 三. 现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语： 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, in the past等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past … years,等，皆不确定的时间状语。 四．现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous tense): 1. 现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将持续，甚至到将来； She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day. 2. 一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作。 1) Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for several weeks. 2) I have been learning English for three years. 四．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别： 比较以下句子： 1．现在完成时表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。 I have read the latest book by Mr Brown. I have been reading the latest book by Mr Brown. 2．现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词或表示动作的动词做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词做谓语。 I have had his book for two months. I have been reading this book for two weeks. 再比较下面的句子，说出它们所表达的汉语意思： I have been learning English for three years. I learned English for three years. I have learned English for three years.
Step II. Exercises: 1. ______ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear 2. ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her? ―She has a headache because she ______ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading 3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written 4. My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made 5. This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone 6. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done 7. Now that you ______ , what are you
