试题预览
【专题三】形容词和副词 【知识点归纳】 形容词和副词是历年英语高考的重点。要复习好这一块知识点,考生不仅要掌握其基础知识,同时要牢记其中的重点和难点,也是高考的热点。 I.形容词、副词的作用与位置 1.形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况,须牢记: ①几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为: 限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+名词; a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。 ②形容词短语作定语,定语后置; a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high This is a student worth of praise. They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern. ③表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置; a man alive:活着的人 有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”; ④形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置; I have something important to tell you. ⑤enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置; ⑥else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语; ⑦几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间; ⑧频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前; ⑨副词作定语,定语后置; The person there is waiting for you. ⑩复合形容词常用作定语,个别也可以作表语。 He was a 12-year-old boy. He is good-natured. 复合形容词的构成: ▲形容词+名词-ed:kind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的 ▲形容词+形容词:red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的 ▲形容词+现在分词:good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的 ▲副词+现在分词:hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的 ▲副词+过去分词:hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的 ▲名词+形容词:life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的 ▲名词+现在分词:peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的 ▲名词+过去分词:snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的 ▲数词+名词 + ed:four-storeyed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的 ▲数词+名词(名词用单数):ten-year 10年的, two-man两人的 2.形容词作伴随状语和原因状语 He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 他在风雪中度过了7天,又冷又饿。 She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.
她盯着远处看,好长时间不讲话。 Afraid of being caught,the thief hid himself under a bed. 因为害怕被抓,这个小偷藏在床下面。 II.连系动词与形容词 象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词,因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。 请看下面这道选择题: ▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____. A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad 第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思,是连系动词,用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词,用副词来修饰;此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好,用在此句中不行,只能作副词用。答案是B。句意是:“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻,但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。 III.形容词、副词比较等级的用法 注意:many,old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别 ①如果后接名词时,much more +不可数名词,many more +可数名词复数。 ②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. ③far有两种比较级,farther,further..在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中,father表示距离,further表示进一步 I have nothing further to say. 1.原级的用法 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。 Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. 2.比较级的用法 ①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示; This picture is more beautiful than that one. 注意: ▲比较对象的一致性 请看下面这道选择题: The weather in China is different from__ __. A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。 ▲要避免将主语包含在比较对象中 (错)China is larger than any country in Asia. (对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia. ▲注意比较对象的省略或隐藏:有时省略或不点明被比较的对象,而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。 请看下面这两道选择题: If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中,即:与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。 I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________. A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知,“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”,省略了than this one。本题答案是B。 It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 由语境可知,句末省略了than by train,用比较级。本题答案是D。 ②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示; This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰; He works even harder than before. 注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中 间加“the”。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the +比较级(主语+谓语),the +比较级(主语+谓语)” 的结构(意为“越……越……”); The harder he works, the happier he feels. ⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构; The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. ⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较 好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等; He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词; The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. ⑧否定词+比较级 该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法,须注意以下几点: ▲该结构多为“can't /couldn't +比较级”的形式 I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。(或:我完全同意你的意见。) The weather couldn't be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。 He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了。 ▲用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外,还有no,never,nothing等 This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。 There's nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。 ▲当该结构中的比较级为less时,其意义为“一点也不” 试比较:He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或:他最关心不过了。) He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或:他最漠不关心了。) 注意:反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于: ▲know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于” You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes. 你的法语较好,不至于犯这样的错误。 He is more experienced than to do such a thing. 他比较有经验,不至于做这样的事。 ▲more than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定,实际上有否定含义 The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can