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Passage 10 Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。 That's the term being 1 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and 2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。 Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term hird-hand smoke to 5 these chemicals in a new study that 6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。 Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don't know about this, said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。 When their kids are 9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 12 . The study reported on 13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15 with the statement that inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 16 the health of infants and children。
But 17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that reathing air in a room 19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children。 Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。 ( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned ( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth ( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves ( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly ( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe ( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked ( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous ( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or ( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside ( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke ( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows ( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete ( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits ( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware ( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected ( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse ( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too ( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions ( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend ( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. prejudice 本文通过一项研究说明了人们陌生而又熟悉的三手烟对儿童的影响。解此完形填空的时候要注意把作者的思路逻辑和生活常识紧密结合,并注重联系上下文的语境逻辑。 1. C 考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识,我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:所谓“三手烟”是用来指房间内的“二手烟”清除许久之后,仍残留在坐垫、地毯甚或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示被用来之意的动词过去分词,也即是C项,而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:讲述,讨论,提及,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相吻合,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。 2. B检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析和日常生活常识:香烟的残留往往存在于人的头发、衣服等等上面,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示衣服之意的名词,而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:鞋子,身体,嘴,只有B项有这样的意思,故B项为准确答案。 3. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解辨析。由上一题的分析,联系上下文的语境,我们容易推理出这一句的语意是:残留物包含重金属、致癌物,甚至辐射物质,它们很容易沾在婴幼儿的手上并被吃到嘴里,尤其是当小孩子在地板上爬或玩耍时。不难看出此处应该填上表示包含包括之意的动词,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:覆盖,发现,改进,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,只有A项(includes:包括)有这样的意思,故A项为准确答案。 4. A 检测副词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示尤其之意的副词BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:专门地,立即,规律地,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,只有A项有这样的意思,并且用在这儿语句通顺合理,故A项为准确答案。 5. D检测动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:在一项针对这些化学物质对婴幼儿危害的新的研究中,波士顿大众婴幼儿专科医院的医生们创造了“三手烟”这个词来形容它们。不难看出此处应该填上表示形容之意的动词,这四个词中只有D项有这样的意思。而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:命名,称作,解释,其中,AB两项容易让人上当,但是根据意思和语言逻辑,这是对这种化学物质类进行描述,如果命名的话,其后还得有个名称的词来补充说明,故D项为准确答案。 6. A 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解辨析。由上一题的分析我们很容易看出此处应该填上表示针对(也就是以…….为中心)之意的动词,A项就是这样的意思。BCD三项依次分别所表达的意思是:倾向于(和动词不定式搭配),尽力(也和动词不定式搭配),工作,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,语意也通顺,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。 7. B联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:研究结果发表于最近一期的《小儿科》医学期刊上。这四个词中只有B项有最近之意。其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:迟到的,最后的,以前的,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺,故B项为准确答案。 8. A 检测连词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境,及日常生活中的常识,经过分析,语意是:每个人都知道二手烟有害,但他们却不知道三手烟的存在,不难看出此处应该填上表示但是之意的连词,这四个词中只有A项(but:但是)有这样的意思,而BD量项依次分别所表达的意思是:和,或者,放在这儿都不能使句意通顺。C项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它作然而之意讲的时候是个副词,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。 9. B 检测介词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由日常生活中的常识,再联系上下文的语境,经过分析,语意是:只要孩子们在屋外,他们就可以吸烟。由语境我们不难看出此处应该填上表示在……的外面之意的介词,也即是B项,而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:和……一起,在……的里面,在…….的旁边,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。 10. D 检测动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由语境:或者在车上时,把孩子放在后座上,打开车窗,也可以吸烟。联系全文的语境,我们知道此处应该填上表示吸烟之意的动词,ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:咳嗽,谈话,饮料,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择D项为最佳答案。 11. C 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境,经过分析这一句的语意:他们认为这样就没有问题了,因为毕竟小孩子没吸到二手烟,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示孩子之意的名词,而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:轿车,座位,窗户,很明显放在这儿都不能使句意通顺流畅,这四个词中只有C项(kids:小孩子)有这样的意思,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。 12. A 检测�