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概念精华— 语法分类归纳、练习与分析 一． Tenses and voices A. 现在完成时: 1)表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经……”, “已经……了”的意思。 Eg.Don’t think any more about it. I have decided not to help you. I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it. 2) 到目前为止已发生的。与so far, up till now, in the past/ last …….days/ years, today, this month/ year 等 “包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。 My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far. Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years. 3）表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与for…/ since 连用。 He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten years ago. Compare(1):完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直在进行，直至现在。 He has been working on this project since last month. (2) 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。 He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方) (3) 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ by the end of..(到了……的时候”连用。例如： 1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. 2）How many words had you leaned by the end of last year? Practice: 1.It is reported that the president once______ in the Viet Nam’s war for three years from 1966-1970. A. served B. had served C. has served D. was serving 2. ---No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday. ---I ________ to rock music and was absorbed in it. A listened B was listening C. has listened D. had listened 3.I wasn’t paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I ___ his speech very well.
A. had not understood B. has not understood C. did not understand D. don’t understand 4. I _____ good at table tennis, but I haven’t played it for ages. A. am B. was C. has been D. used to be 5. I _________ where she gets her money all these days. A. am often wondering B. often wondered C. had often wondered D．have often wondered 6. ---Tell me what _______ while I was absent. ---A thief tried to break into the house when I _______ in your house. A. happened/ stayed B. was happening/ was staying C. happened/ was staying D. was happening/ stayed 7. ---You are always watching TV. ---Only on Sundays. And nobody ______ it but you. A. knows B. has known C. knew D. is knowing 8. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid 9. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing 10. It ______ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area. A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. had been raining Keys:1)a 2)b. 3)c 4)a 5) 过去到现在d 6) c 7)a(经常性) 8)a 9) b 与现在有联系 10)d 二、 Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气) 1.It is important that he __________ the college entrance examination. A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend 8.Don’t come this morning. I would rather you________ the day after tomorrow. A. come B. came C.are to come D. will come 3._________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often. A.If it is not B.Were it not C. had it not been D. If they were not 4.---Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei? ---________ I had come here earlier! A.But for B.If not C. For fear D. If only 5.Without electricity human life __________ quite difficult today. A.is B.will be C. would have been D.would be （分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that …should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是… 该多好啊5.D） 三、 非谓语：（to do/ doing / done） (By Yuan) 1.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作状语的区别： To do（to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型） Doing（being done, having done ）/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。 1) complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night. 2) The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a gun. 3) He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished. 4) Defeat time and again, he still didn’t lose heart. (分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的 2）only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果 4) Defeated让步） 2.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作定语的区别： To do（to be done）：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型 doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经常性的动作 done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作 1） The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn. 2） Who were the first people reach American continent. 3） People live in this area feed on rice. 4） Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal. (分析：1)to attack 未完成 2）to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后 3)living 主动经常性 4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性） 3.To do／to be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。 1) At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time. 2) The novel is reported translate into German already. 3) He wished praise at the meeting held the day before. 4) I am glad____________(meet) you. I hope to see you soon. (分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met ) 4.doing / being done / having done 与 done doing ：主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态 being done：被动、进行或经常性 having done：主动，完成于主动词之前 done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态 1） When heat , ice will turn into water. 2）While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his. 3)The manager spoke at the conference, ___express his satisfaction&nb
