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Module 1 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good 一、【学习目标】 1.学习与健康有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2.运用所学词汇谈论有关健康生活的话题。 ★本单元重要词组: be dying to do/ for sth 渴望做某事 work out 锻炼,训练 lose weight 减肥 be ashamed of 对…感到羞耻 recover from 从…中恢复过来 an exact match for 和...完全匹配的 follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 be embarrassed about 对某事感到难堪 go on diets/a diet 实行节食 come across 偶然遇到 in secret 秘密地 side effect 副作用 fall out (头发等)脱落 team sport 团队运动 build up 增强 risk doing sth 冒着做某事的风险 put on weight 体重增加 call sb names 骂人 cheer up 高兴起来 live(lead) a… life 过着…样的生活 along with 和…一起 in the long term(run) 从长远角度看 skip meals 不吃饭 give up on sb 对某人失望 a good amount of 许多,大量的 as a matter of fact 事实上 in no time 很快 give out分发, 发出 allow enough time for sb to do sth 留出充足的时间让某人做某事 二、【要点解读】 1. contain v. 包含,包括;能容纳 [基本构词] container n. 容器 [词语辨析] include和contain的用法比较 ▲include: 指在整体中能明确界定的几个部分,指某整体包含或容纳某部分。如: The health club includes a gym, a swimming pool, and a locker room. 健身俱乐部包括体操房,游泳池和更衣室。 Our ten-day tour includes a visit to New York. 我们十天的旅行包括参观纽约。 ▲contain:指容器、空间里所有东西,侧重所含的量与成分。如: The bowl contains a variety of fruits. 碗里装有各种水果。 This bottle contains two glasses of beer. 这个瓶子装了两杯啤洒。 注:include常以including(名词/代词前)或included(名词/代词后)的形式出现在短语中,用来举例,解释或补充说明。如: Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, including my mother. Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, my mother included. 2. follow v. 跟随;仿效;跟得上;遵守;继而来之 [基本构词] following a. 接着的;以下的 [短语搭配] follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 follow one’s example 效仿某人 follow the rules 遵守规则
as follows 如下(通常作表语) the following 下列的 [典型例句] I knew the way, so I went first, and the others followed. 我熟悉路,所以由我带路,其他人跟着我走 His words (The rules) are as follows. 他的话(规则)如下。 I didn't quite follow; could you explain it again? 我不太明白,请再解释一遍好吗? The following is a statement made by the government. 以下是政府所作做的一项声明。 There followed a moment of silence. 紧接着一阵沉默。 3. consider v. 考虑,细想;体谅,照顾 [基本构词] considerate a. 体贴的 considerable a. 相当多的,相当大的 consideration n. 考虑;关心 considering prep. & conj. 考虑到, 就…而言 [短语搭配] consider...(as/ to be)+名词/形容词 认为…是… take sth into consideration 考虑到某事,体谅 under consideration 在考虑中(表被动) [典型例句] The headmaster is considering putting up another lab building in the school. 校长正考虑在学校里再建一幢实验楼。 They considered how to help him out of the difficulty. 他们考虑如何帮助他克服困难。 Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time? 你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗? Tom is considered (as/to be)our best friend. 汤姆被认为是我们的最好朋友。 She is very active, considering her age. 就她的年龄而言,她是够活跃的。 4. advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议 [基本构词] advise v. 忠告,劝告 用法: advise doing sth 建议做某事 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advise that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事(宾语从句用虚拟语气) [短语搭配] give advice on 对…提出建议 take/follow/accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask for advice 征求意见 [典型例句] He advised waiting till the proper time. 他建议等到适当时机才行动。 My teacher advises me to leave now. 老师建议我现在就离开。 We advise measures(should)be taken to stop pollution at once. 我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。 [词语辨析] advise和persuade的用法比较 ▲advise 表示“劝说”。 ▲persuade 表示“说服”,其常用结构为persuade sb to do sth或persuade sb into doing sth,表示“说服某人做某事”,如果单纯表示“劝说”的动作,常用advise或try to persuade, 如: He persuaded me to do that in the end. =He persuaded me into doing that in the end. 他最后说服了我去做那件事。 I advised/tried to persuade her to start early, but she wouldn’t listen. 我劝她早点动身,可她就是不听。 三、【学法指导】 (二)学习策略 3. 比较记忆法 是把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别、说明来掌握单词的方法。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词的同时记忆。这种记忆方法可以记住单词拼写的同时,还掌握了词与词的区别和各自特殊的用法,于是将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开。例如: 1)词义比较记忆法 同义词contain和include都有表示“包含”之意,但是contain侧重于容纳,include侧重于包括。specially和especially都有“特别”之意,specially意思是“专门”,表示目的;especially意思是“尤其”,表示强调,如:I came to Beijing specially to see you. This problem is especially difficult.
2)词形比较记忆法 英语单词中有大量的单词形式上雷同,但意义及用法相差甚远,如broad(宽广的), board(木板), abroad(在国外),aboard(在船上,在飞机上等);mental(智力的), medal(奖章), model(模范), metal (金属的); acquire(取得,获得),inquire(打听,查询),require(需要,要求,命令);adapt(适应;改编),adopt(采纳;收养);sensitive(敏感的),sensible(明智的);late(迟的),lately(近来);available(可利用的),advisable(可取的)等等。另外还要注意下面几种类型的单词: ★同音同形异义词 △bear n. 熊———bear v. 忍受 △lie v. 位于———lie v. 说谎 △meet v. 遇到———meet adj. 合适的 △mean v. 意味着;打算———mean adj. 吝啬的 △base n. 基础———base adj. 卑鄙的 ★同音异义词 △mail v. 邮寄———male adj. 雄性的 △holy adj. 神圣的———wholly adv.完全地 △dear adj. 亲爱的———deer n. 鹿 △pair n. 一双———pear n. 梨 △stare v. 凝视———stair n. 楼梯 △principal n. 校长———principle n. 原则 另外还有hear/here;there/their;son/sun; flower/flour等等。 ★同形异义词 △lead v. 带领———lead n. 铅 △refuse v. 拒绝——— refuse n. 垃圾 △sow v. 播种———sow n. 母猪 △tear n. 眼泪———tear v. 撕裂 △prayer n.祈祷 ———prayer n.祈祷着 △wind v. 缠绕;上发条———wind n. 风 四.重点语法 1.非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 根据定语从句在句中所起的作用,可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 A.限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。 This is the boy who broke the window. 这就是打破窗子的孩子。(the boy是先行词,who broke the indow是限制性定语从句,明确指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子) I have a book which teaches English grammar. 我有一本讲解英语语法的书。(a book是先行词,which teaches English grammar是限制性定语从句,修饰the book) The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan. 你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。(定语从句whom you met in the hall定先行词the people) B.非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语,对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。 I, who am your friend, will share the work with you. 我是你的朋友,将与你分担这项工作。(I是先行词,who am your friend是非限制性定语从句,对先行词I起附加说明的作用) New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all. 新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的,这是我们大家都知道的。(which is known to us all是非限制性定语从句,对主句作进一步的补充说明) C.在下列情况下,通常使用非限制性定语从句。 1.当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。 The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star. 太阳是一颗恒星,它给我们光和热。 Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year. 去年我参观了人民大会堂,每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。 2.当定语从句修饰整个主句时。 Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows. 众所周知,台湾属于中国的领土。 The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected. 天气非常糟糕,这点们没有料到。 3.当先行词是专有名词,或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。 Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here. 乔先生现在住在北京,那里距离这儿很远。