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Epidemics _1______________ history 2_________ recent press reports 3________(draw) parallels between bird flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim smith looks through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold. 4___________ bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has 5_________(take) more than a hundred lives. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of the 1918 Spanish flu proved that bird flu is a modern 6_____________（adapt） of the same virus. Bacteria and viruses have been 7__________ since the beginning of life on earth and many of today’s diseases have existed as long as humans have. It is important to look 8_________ the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics, and 9___________(hope), foresee and prevent them in the future. One of the earliest epidemics 10. _______ record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was 11_______(attempt) to rebuild the Roman Empire. This epidemic 12__________(sweep) through North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Scientists now guess that up to 50%of the area’s population died 13________ this epidemic 14__________(make) it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. In 15_______ 1330’s, the epidemic returned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly and became known 16 ________ “the black death” as one symptom was black spots on the body. The conditions in much of Asia and Europe-war, crowded cities and a lack of basic health routines-provided the perfect conditions for the disease to spread worldwide. In 17 ________(城市) areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 18______ to one half of the population was 19_______(lose) to the Black Death.
Another epidemic that spread in similar conditions was the great flu epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu. It 20__________(strike) near the end of the First World War and left families 21_________(mourn) worldwide. 22______________( kill) up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a 23_________(趋势) to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is 24____________(believe) to have been the most 25________(严重) epidemic in history. More people died 26_______ the flu than died in the war. Yet, 27_________(无论什么原因), it was forgotten by history until very recently when SARS became a cause for 28___________(关注). The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a lung disease in Guangdong province and spread quickly after Dr Liu Jianjun, the carrier, came to Hong Kong and passed the virus to people who carried it to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore. 29________ nine months, the number of global cases passed 8,000 and 774 people died. Although these statistics are much less impressive than those for the Spanish Flu, SARS was still very 30____________(alarm) for a few key reasons. No one really knew much about SARS as it was 31__________(complete) new. This meant that there were no 32_____________(处方) drugs or tablets to treat it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it either. Since most people had no natural defenses 33__________ the disease, it was also 34____________(harm) to the doctors and nurses treating SARS patients. Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing 35______(实验) on treatments to 36__________（禁止） any future 37_________(爆发). Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite, share knowledge, and work together without （暂停）pause to help put SARS behind us.
Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also 38_____________（强调） the fact that 39___________（彻底） thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this as the SARS epidemic proved how 40___________（团队） among nations can save lives. 41__________ all the international effort 42_______________(make), we have to have 43__________(信仰) that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.
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