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一、语法：“it”的用法 1．it作代词 (1)在答语中替代this或that。如： -What's this？-It's a frog. (2)指已提到过的物体。如：--where is your new pen?--I've lost it on my way home.（3)指情形、行为等。如： Jack is ill. Have you heard about it? (4)指人（不明的人或婴儿）。如：Who is it? (5）指天气、温度、时间、距离等。如：It is raining. It's very hot. It's five o'clock. 2.引导词it (1）作形式主语。如：It is difficult to understand the passage. It is no use trying. It is said that the meeting will be put off. 4)It+take+(sb.) some time / some money+to do sth. 例如: It will take them more than ten years to complete the Three Gorges Dam. 5)It+be+said / reported / told等+that-clause. 例如: It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 6)It+vt.+sb.+that-clause. 例如: It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. [原题再现] ①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It ② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案: ① _____ ② ____ （2）作形式宾语。如：He feels it his duty to help others. We thought it no use doing that. They want to make it clean to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 1) S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+(for sb.) to do sth. Do you think it possible for them to send an engineer there? 2) S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+doing sth. 例如: You must find it exciting working here.
3) S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+that-clause. 例如: I think it a pity that you didn't try harder. [原题再现] Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted (3）构成强调句。如： It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看见李明。 [原题再现] ________was in 1979________I graduated from university. A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when 答案: ______ (4）构成特殊句式。如：It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow. 【练习】 1）There is a photo on the wall.____＿the photo of Lei Feng. A. It B. Its C. It's D. He（高考，1980) 2) Is＿necessary to tell his father everything? A. it B. that C. what D. he (MET1987) 3) Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. now B. man C. that D. it 4) I consider____ my duty to help you． A. it B. this C. that D. its 5) Three hundred thousand dollars__＿found because the thief dropped __ while getting away. A. was; it B. is; it C. are; them D. were; them 6)I like＿in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004•全国I） A. this B. that C. it D. one 7) -Do you like___ here?-Oh，yes. The air，the weather，the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 8)The Parkers bought a new house but____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 9)I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 10)Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money. A. it B. this C. that D. one 11)It was at four o'clock in the afternoon____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan. A. while B. that C. when D. as 三、it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别 it, one和that虽然都可以用来替代前面所提到的一个单数名词,以避免重复,但在具体用法上却有不同。简述如下: 1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。 [原题再现] The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ________? A. did they B. didn't they C. did it D. didn't it 答案: ____ 2. one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。 [原题再现] -Why don't we have a little break? -Didn't we just have________? A. it B. that C. one D. this 答案: ________ 3. that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。 [原题再现] Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 答案: __-___ 二、交际与功能：警告、禁止和允许（warning， prohibition and permission） 1.--Would you mind if I。。。？/I wonder if I could smoke here？/Is it OK itf I。。。。？ --It’s OK/ all right to me. /Of course not/I’m afraid not. /I’m sorry you’d better not. 2.Remind yourself that…; Mind your step/head. ; Don’t forget to do… 3.It would be a good idea to do…/It’s (not ) a good idea to do… 三、重点词汇 1. due to:介词, 由于 I succeeded in the end due to his timely help. 2.be addicated to:对。。。。。上瘾：The boyhas been addicated to suring the Internet. 3.be accustomed to:习惯于 We are accustomed to getting up early every morning. 4.in spite of=despite尽管， 作让步状语 The teacher went on working in spite of /despite poor health. 5.make a decision on:对。。。。。。作出决定We have made an important decision on the spring outing. 6.feel like doing sth=would like/love to do sth. I feel like colleting stamps.=I would like to collect stamps. 7.take a risk/risks to do sth.: 冒险做某事They have decided to take risks to swim across the wide river. Risk+doing: They risked swimming across the wide river. 8.At risk:处于危险之中 The wounded soldier was so badly wounded that he was at risk. 9.Get into the habit of doing sth.:染上了。。。。。的坏习惯The boy has got into the habit of smoking. 10.stand for: X stands for an unknown number in maths, while V stands for victory. Ⅰ.配套单项填空 1．Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. A. it
